8. Vattakkhandhakaṃ

1. Āgantukavattakathā

356. Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āgantukā bhikkhū saupāhanāpi ārāmaṃ pavisanti, chattapaggahitāpi ārāmaṃ pavisanti, oguṇṭhitāpi ārāmaṃ pavisanti, sīsepi cīvaraṃ karitvā ārāmaṃ pavisanti, pānīyenapi pāde dhovanti, vuḍḍhatarepi āvāsike bhikkhū na abhivādenti, napi senāsanaṃ pucchanti. Aññataropi āgantuko bhikkhu anajjhāvuṭṭhaṃ vihāraṃ ghaṭikaṃ ugghāṭetvā kavāṭaṃ paṇāmetvā sahasā pāvisi. Tassa uparipiṭṭhito [uparipiṭṭhato (?)] ahi khandhe papati. So bhīto vissaramakāsi. Bhikkhū upadhāvitvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘kissa tvaṃ, āvuso, vissaramakāsī’’ti? Atha kho so bhikkhu bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesi. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āgantukā bhikkhū saupāhanāpi ārāmaṃ pavisissanti, chattapaggahitāpi ārāmaṃ pavisissanti, oguṇṭhitāpi ārāmaṃ pavisissanti, sīsepi cīvaraṃ karitvā ārāmaṃ pavisissanti, pānīyenapi pāde dhovissanti, vuḍḍhatarepi āvāsike bhikkhū na abhivādessanti, napi senāsanaṃ pucchissantī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, ‘‘āgantukā bhikkhū saupāhanāpi ārāmaṃ pavisanti, chattapaggahitāpi ārāmaṃ pavisanti, oguṇṭhitāpi ārāmaṃ pavisanti, sīsepi cīvaraṃ karitvā ārāmaṃ pavisanti, pānīyenipi pāde dhovanti, vuḍḍhatarepi āvāsike bhikkhū na abhivādenti, napi senāsanaṃ pucchantīti. Saccaṃ bhagavāti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… kathañhi nāma bhikkhave āgantukā bhikkhū saupāhanāpi ārāmaṃ pavisissanti, chattapaggahitāpi ārāmaṃ pavisissanti, oguṇṭhitāpi ārāmaṃ pavisissanti, sīsepi cīvaraṃ karitvā ārāmaṃ pavisissanti, pānīyenapi pāde dhovissanti, vuḍḍhatarepi āvāsike bhikkhū na abhivādessanti, napi senāsanaṃ pucchissanti, netaṃ bhikkhave appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi –



行仪品
客僧行仪的故事
那时，佛陀世尊住在舍卫城(现今印度北方邦斯拉瓦斯蒂)祇树给孤独园。当时，客僧们穿着鞋子进入寺院，撑着伞进入寺院，蒙着头进入寺院，把袈裟披在头上进入寺院，用饮用水洗脚，不向年长的常住比丘行礼，也不询问住处。有一位客僧打开一间无人居住的房间的门闩，推开门，突然闯了进去。一条蛇从上面落在他的肩上。他害怕得大叫起来。比丘们跑过来问那位比丘："朋友，你为什么大叫？"于是那位比丘把事情的经过告诉了比丘们。那些少欲知足的比丘们...抱怨、批评、指责说："怎么客僧们竟然穿着鞋子进入寺院，撑着伞进入寺院，蒙着头进入寺院，把袈裟披在头上进入寺院，用饮用水洗脚，不向年长的常住比丘行礼，也不询问住处呢？"于是那些比丘们把这件事告诉了世尊...世尊说："比丘们，据说客僧们穿着鞋子进入寺院，撑着伞进入寺院，蒙着头进入寺院，把袈裟披在头上进入寺院，用饮用水洗脚，不向年长的常住比丘行礼，也不询问住处，是真的吗？""是的，世尊。"佛陀世尊呵责道："...比丘们，怎么客僧们竟然穿着鞋子进入寺院，撑着伞进入寺院，蒙着头进入寺院，把袈裟披在头上进入寺院，用饮用水洗脚，不向年长的常住比丘行礼，也不询问住处呢？比丘们，这不能使不信者生起信心...(世尊)呵责后...作了如法的开示，然后对比丘们说：

357. ‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, āgantukānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vattaṃ paññapessāmi yathā āgantukehi bhikkhūhi sammā vattitabbaṃ. Āgantukena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā ‘idāni ārāmaṃ pavisissāmī’ti upāhanā omuñcitvā nīcaṃ katvā papphoṭetvā gahetvā chattaṃ apanāmetvā sīsaṃ vivaritvā sīse cīvaraṃ [vivaritvā cīvaraṃ (ka.)] khandhe katvā sādhukaṃ ataramānena ārāmo pavisitabbo. Ārāmaṃ pavisantena sallakkhetabbaṃ – ‘kattha āvāsikā bhikkhū paṭikkamantī’ti? Yattha āvāsikā bhikkhū paṭikkamanti – upaṭṭhānasālāya vā maṇḍape vā rukkhamūle vā – tattha gantvā ekamantaṃ patto nikkhipitabbo; ekamantaṃ cīvaraṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; patirūpaṃ āsanaṃ gahetvā nisīditabbaṃ; pānīyaṃ pucchitabbaṃ, paribhojanīyaṃ pucchitabbaṃ – ‘katamaṃ pānīyaṃ, katamaṃ paribhojanīya’nti? Sace pānīyena attho hoti, pānīyaṃ gahetvā pātabbaṃ. Sace paribhojanīyena attho hoti, paribhojanīyaṃ gahetvā pādā dhovitabbā. Pāde dhovantena ekena hatthena udakaṃ āsiñcitabbaṃ, ekena hatthena pādā dhovitabbā. Teneva udakaṃ āsiñcitabbaṃ [yena hatthena udakaṃ āsiñcitabbaṃ (syā.)] na teneva hatthena pādā dhovitabbā. Upāhanapuñchanacoḷakaṃ pucchitvā upāhanā puñchitabbā. Upāhanā puñchantena paṭhamaṃ sukkhena coḷakena puñchitabbā, pacchā allena. Upāhanāpuñchanacoḷakaṃ dhovitvā [pīḷetvā (syā.)] ekamantaṃ vissajjetabbaṃ.

‘‘Sace āvāsiko bhikkhu vuḍḍho hoti, abhivādetabbo. Sace navako hoti, abhivādāpetabbo. Senāsanaṃ pucchitabbaṃ – ‘katamaṃ me senāsanaṃ pāpuṇātī’ti? Ajjhāvuṭṭhaṃ vā anajjhāvuṭṭhaṃ vā pucchitabbaṃ, gocaro pucchitabbo, agocaro pucchitabbo, sekkhasammatāni [sekhasammatāni (ka.)] kulāni pucchitabbāni , vaccaṭṭhānaṃ pucchitabbaṃ, passāvaṭṭhānaṃ pucchitabbaṃ, pānīyaṃ pucchitabbaṃ, paribhojanīyaṃ pucchitabbaṃ, kattaradaṇḍo pucchitabbo, saṅghassa katikasaṇṭhānaṃ pucchitabbaṃ – ‘kaṃ kālaṃ pavisitabbaṃ, kaṃ kālaṃ nikkhamitabba’nti? Sace vihāro anajjhāvuṭṭho hoti, kavāṭaṃ ākoṭetvā muhuttaṃ āgametvā ghaṭikaṃ ugghāṭetvā kavāṭaṃ paṇāmetvā bahi ṭhitena nilloketabbo.

‘‘Sace vihāro uklāpo hoti, mañce vā mañco āropito hoti, pīṭhe vā pīṭhaṃ āropitaṃ hoti, senāsanaṃ upari puñjīkataṃ [puñjakitaṃ (ka.)] hoti, sace ussahati, sodhetabbo. [mahāva. 66-67 (thokaṃ visadisaṃ)] Vihāraṃ sodhentena paṭhamaṃ bhūmattharaṇaṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; mañcapaṭipādakā nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbā; bhisibibbohanaṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; nisīdanapaccattharaṇaṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; mañco nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṃ, nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbo; pīṭhaṃ nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṃ, nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; kheḷamallako nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbo; apassenaphalakaṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Sace vihāre santānakaṃ hoti, ullokā paṭhamaṃ ohāretabbaṃ, ālokasandhikaṇṇabhāgā pamajjitabbā. Sace gerukaparikammakatā bhitti kaṇṇakitā hoti, coḷakaṃ temetvā pīḷetvā pamajjitabbā. Sace kāḷavaṇṇakatā bhūmi kaṇṇakitā hoti, coḷakaṃ temetvā pīḷetvā pamajjitabbā. Sace akatā hoti bhūmi, udakena paripphositvā sammajjitabbā – mā vihāro rajena uhaññīti [ūhaññīti (sī. syā.)]. Saṅkāraṃ vicinitvā ekamantaṃ chaḍḍetabbaṃ.


"因此，比丘们，我将为客僧制定行为规范，客僧们应当如此恰当地行事。比丘们，客僧在'现在我要进入寺院'时，应脱下鞋子，放低，拍打，拿着，收起伞，露出头，把袈裟从头上拿下放在肩上，然后从容不迫地进入寺院。进入寺院时应观察:'常住比丘们在哪里休息？'无论常住比丘们在哪里休息 - 集会堂、凉亭还是树下 - 都应该去那里，把钵放在一边，把袈裟放在一边，选择合适的座位坐下，询问饮用水和洗脚水:'哪个是饮用水，哪个是洗脚水？'如果需要饮用水，就拿起饮用水喝。如果需要洗脚水，就拿起洗脚水洗脚。洗脚时，应该用一只手倒水，用另一只手洗脚。不应该用倒水的那只手洗脚。应询问擦鞋布，然后擦鞋。擦鞋时，先用干布擦，后用湿布擦。洗好擦鞋布后应放在一边。
如果常住比丘年长，应向他行礼。如果年轻，应接受他的礼。应询问住处:'哪个住处分配给我？'应询问是否有人住，应询问可去处和不可去处，应询问被认可的学处家庭，应询问厕所，应询问小便处，应询问饮用水，应询问洗脚水，应询问拐杖，应询问僧团的约定:'什么时候应该进入，什么时候应该离开？'如果房间无人居住，应敲门，稍等片刻，打开门闩，推开门，站在外面看里面。
如果房间肮脏，或床被堆在床上，或凳子被堆在凳子上，或卧具被堆在上面，如果有能力，应该清理。清理房间时，应先把地毯拿出来放在一边；把床脚拿出来放在一边；把床垫和枕头拿出来放在一边；把坐垫和床单拿出来放在一边；把床放低，小心地不刮擦、不碰撞门框，拿出来放在一边；把凳子放低，小心地不刮擦、不碰撞门框，拿出来放在一边；把痰盂拿出来放在一边；把靠背板拿出来放在一边。如果房间里有蜘蛛网，应先从天花板上清除，擦拭窗户周围。如果涂了赭石的墙壁有污垢，应用湿布擦拭。如果染黑的地面有污垢，应用湿布擦拭。如果地面未经处理，应洒水后打扫，以免房间布满灰尘。应收集垃圾并扔到一边。


‘‘Bhūmattharaṇaṃ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā atiharitvā yathāṭhāne [yathāpaññattaṃ (sī. syā.), yathābhāgaṃ (ka.)] paññapetabbaṃ. Mañcapaṭipādakā otāpetvā pamajjitvā atiharitvā yathāṭhāne [yathābhāgaṃ (syā. ka.)] ṭhapetabbā. Mañco otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṃ, atiharitvā yathāṭhāne [yathābhāgaṃ (syā. ka.)] paññapetabbo. Pīṭhaṃ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṃ, atiharitvā yathāṭhāne [yathābhāgaṃ (syā. ka.)] paññapetabbaṃ. Bhisibibbohanaṃ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā atiharitvā yathābhāgaṃ paññapetabbaṃ. Nisīdanapaccattharaṇaṃ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā atiharitvā yathābhāgaṃ paññapetabbaṃ. Kheḷamallako otāpetvā pamajjitvā atiharitvā yathābhāgaṃ ṭhapetabbo. Apassenaphalakaṃ otāpetvā pamajjitvā atiharitvā yathābhāgaṃ ṭhapetabbaṃ. Pattacīvaraṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Pattaṃ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena pattaṃ gahetvā ekena hatthena heṭṭhāmañcaṃ vā heṭṭhāpīṭhaṃ vā parāmasitvā patto nikkhipitabbo. Na ca anantarahitāya bhūmiyā patto nikkhipitabbo. Cīvaraṃ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena cīvaraṃ gahetvā ekena hatthena cīvaravaṃsaṃ vā cīvararajjuṃ vā pamajjitvā pārato antaṃ orato bhogaṃ katvā cīvaraṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ.

‘‘Sace puratthimā sarajā vātā vāyanti, puratthimā vātapānā thaketabbā. Sace pacchimā sarajā vātā vāyanti, pacchimā vātapānā thaketabbā. Sace uttarā sarajā vātā vāyanti, uttarā vātapānā thaketabbā. Sace dakkhiṇā sarajā vātā vāyanti, dakkhiṇā vātapānā thaketabbā . Sace sītakālo hoti, divā vātapānā vivaritabbā, rattiṃ thaketabbā. Sace uṇhakālo hoti, divā vātapānā thaketabbā, rattiṃ vivaritabbā.

‘‘Sace pariveṇaṃ uklāpaṃ hoti, pariveṇaṃ sammajjitabbaṃ. Sace koṭṭhako uklāpo hoti, koṭṭhako sammajjitabbo. Sace upaṭṭhānasālā uklāpā hoti, upaṭṭhānasālā sammajjitabbā. Sace aggisālā uklāpā hoti, aggisālā sammajjitabbā. Sace vaccakuṭi uklāpā hoti, vaccakuṭi sammajjitabbā. Sace pānīyaṃ na hoti, pānīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpetabbaṃ. Sace paribhojanīyaṃ na hoti, paribhojanīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpetabbaṃ. Sace ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṃ na hoti, ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṃ āsiñcitabbaṃ. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, āgantukānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vattaṃ yathā āgantukehi bhikkhūhi sammā vattitabba’’nti.

2. Āvāsikavattakathā

358. Tena kho pana samayena āvāsikā bhikkhū āgantuke bhikkhū disvā neva āsanaṃ paññapenti, na pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ upanikkhipanti, na paccuggantvā pattacīvaraṃ paṭiggaṇhanti, na pānīyena pucchanti [na pānīyena pucchanti, na paribhojanīyena pucchanti (syā. kaṃ.)], na vuḍḍhatarepi āgantuke bhikkhū abhivādenti, na senāsanaṃ paññapenti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma āvāsikā bhikkhū āgantuke bhikkhū disvā neva āsanaṃ paññapessanti, na pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ upanikkhipissanti, na paccuggantvā pattacīvaraṃ paṭiggahissanti, na pānīyena pucchissanti, vuḍḍhatarepi āgantuke bhikkhū na abhivādessanti, na senāsanaṃ paññapessantī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… saccaṃ kiraṃ, bhikkhave…pe… saccaṃ bhagavāti…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi –



"应晒干、清洁、拍打地毯,然后搬回原处铺好。应晒干、擦拭床脚,然后搬回原处放好。应晒干、清洁、拍打床,然后放低,小心地不刮擦、不碰撞门框,搬回原处安放。应晒干、清洁、拍打凳子,然后放低,小心地不刮擦、不碰撞门框,搬回原处安放。应晒干、清洁、拍打床垫和枕头,然后搬回原处铺好。应晒干、清洁、拍打坐垫和床单,然后搬回原处铺好。应晒干、擦拭痰盂,然后搬回原处放好。应晒干、擦拭靠背板,然后搬回原处放好。应放好钵和袈裟。放钵时,应一只手拿着钵,另一只手摸摸床下或凳子下,然后放下钵。不应把钵放在没有遮挡的地面上。放袈裟时,应一只手拿着袈裟,另一只手擦拭衣杆或衣绳,然后把袈裟的一端放在远处,褶皱放在近处。
如果东风带尘,应关闭东面的窗户。如果西风带尘,应关闭西面的窗户。如果北风带尘,应关闭北面的窗户。如果南风带尘,应关闭南面的窗户。如果天气寒冷,白天应打开窗户,晚上应关闭。如果天气炎热,白天应关闭窗户,晚上应打开。
如果庭院肮脏,应打扫庭院。如果门廊肮脏,应打扫门廊。如果集会堂肮脏,应打扫集会堂。如果火堂肮脏,应打扫火堂。如果厕所肮脏,应打扫厕所。如果没有饮用水,应准备饮用水。如果没有洗脚水,应准备洗脚水。如果洗手水罐里没有水,应往洗手水罐里倒水。比丘们,这就是客僧们应当如此恰当行事的行为规范。"
常住比丘行为规范的故事
那时,常住比丘们看到客僧来了,既不准备座位,也不放置洗脚水、脚凳、脚垫,不出迎接收钵和袈裟,不询问饮用水,也不向年长的客僧行礼,不安排住处。那些少欲知足的比丘们...抱怨、批评、指责说:"常住比丘们怎么看到客僧来了,既不准备座位,也不放置洗脚水、脚凳、脚垫,不出迎接收钵和袈裟,不询问饮用水,也不向年长的客僧行礼,不安排住处呢?"于是那些比丘们把这件事告诉了世尊...世尊说:"比丘们,据说...是真的吗?"..."是的,世尊。"...(世尊)呵责后...作了如法的开示,然后对比丘们说:

359. ‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, āvāsikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vattaṃ paññapessāmi yathā āvāsikehi bhikkhūhi sammā vattitabbaṃ. Āvāsikena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā āgantukaṃ bhikkhuṃ vuḍḍhataraṃ disvā āsanaṃ paññapetabbaṃ, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ upanikkhipitabbaṃ , paccuggantvā pattacīvaraṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ, pānīyena pucchitabbo [pānīyena pucchitabbo, paribhojanīyena pucchitabbo (syā.)]. Sace ussahati, upāhanā puñchitabbā. Upāhanā puñchantena paṭhamaṃ sukkhena coḷakena puñchitabbā, pacchā allena. Upāhanāpuñchanacoḷakaṃ dhovitvā [dhovitvā pīḷetvā (syā.)] ekamantaṃ vissajjetabbaṃ.

‘‘Āgantuko bhikkhu vuḍḍhataro abhivādetabbo. Senāsanaṃ paññapetabbaṃ – ‘etaṃ te senāsanaṃ pāpuṇātī’ti. Ajjhāvuṭṭhaṃ vā anajjhāvuṭṭhaṃ vā ācikkhitabbaṃ. Gocaro ācikkhitabbo. Agocaro ācikkhitabbo. Sekkhasammatāni kulāni ācikkhitabbāni. Vaccaṭṭhānaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ. Passāvaṭṭhānaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ. Pānīyaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ. Paribhojanīyaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ. Kattaradaṇḍo ācikkhitabbo. Saṅghassa katikasaṇṭhānaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ – ‘imaṃ kālaṃ pavisitabbaṃ, imaṃ kālaṃ nikkhamitabba’nti .

‘‘Sace navako hoti, nisinnakeneva ācikkhitabbaṃ – ‘atra pattaṃ nikkhipāhi, atra cīvaraṃ nikkhipāhi, idaṃ āsanaṃ nisīdāhī’ti. Pānīyaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ. Paribhojanīyaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ. Upāhanāpuñchanacoḷakaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ. Āgantuko bhikkhu navako abhivādāpetabbo. Senāsanaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ – ‘etaṃ te senāsanaṃ pāpuṇātī’ti. Ajjhāvuṭṭhaṃ vā anajjhāvuṭṭhaṃ vā ācikkhitabbaṃ. Gocaro ācikkhitabbo. Agocaro ācikkhitabbo. Sekkhasammatāni kulāni ācikkhitabbāni. Vaccaṭṭhānaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ. Passāvaṭṭhānaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ. Pānīyaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ. Paribhojanīyaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ. Kattaradaṇḍo ācikkhitabbo. Saṅghassa katikasaṇṭhānaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ – ‘imaṃ kālaṃ pavisitabbaṃ, imaṃ kālaṃ nikkhamitabba’nti. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave , āvāsikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vattaṃ yathā āvāsikehi bhikkhūhi sammā vattitabba’’nti.

3. Gamikavattakathā

360. Tena kho pana samayena gamikā bhikkhū dārubhaṇḍaṃ mattikābhaṇḍaṃ appaṭisāmetvā dvāravātapānaṃ vivaritvā senāsanaṃ anāpucchā pakkamanti. Dārubhaṇḍaṃ mattikābhaṇḍaṃ nassati. Senāsanaṃ aguttaṃ hoti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma gamikā bhikkhū dārubhaṇḍaṃ mattikābhaṇḍaṃ appaṭisāmetvā dvāravātapānaṃ vivaritvā senāsanaṃ anāpucchā pakkamissanti! Dārubhaṇḍaṃ mattikābhaṇḍaṃ nassati. Senāsanaṃ aguttaṃ hotī’’ti. Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave…pe… saccaṃ bhagavāti…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi –



"因此,比丘们,我将为常住比丘制定行为规范,常住比丘们应当如此恰当地行事。比丘们,常住比丘看到年长的客僧来时,应准备座位,放置洗脚水、脚凳、脚垫,出迎接收钵和袈裟,询问饮用水。如果有能力,应擦拭鞋子。擦鞋时,先用干布擦,后用湿布擦。洗好擦鞋布后应放在一边。
应向年长的客僧行礼。应安排住处,说:'这是分配给你的住处。'应告知是否有人居住。应告知可去处。应告知不可去处。应告知被认可的学处家庭。应告知厕所。应告知小便处。应告知饮用水。应告知洗脚水。应告知拐杖。应告知僧团的约定:'这个时候应该进入,这个时候应该离开。'
如果是年轻的客僧,应坐着告诉他:'把钵放在这里,把袈裟放在这里,坐在这个座位上。'应告知饮用水。应告知洗脚水。应告知擦鞋布。应让年轻的客僧行礼。应告知住处:'这是分配给你的住处。'应告知是否有人居住。应告知可去处。应告知不可去处。应告知被认可的学处家庭。应告知厕所。应告知小便处。应告知饮用水。应告知洗脚水。应告知拐杖。应告知僧团的约定:'这个时候应该进入,这个时候应该离开。'比丘们,这就是常住比丘们应当如此恰当行事的行为规范。"
出行比丘行为规范的故事
那时,出行的比丘们不收拾木器和陶器,打开门窗,不告知就离开住处。木器和陶器丢失了。住处无人看管。那些少欲知足的比丘们...抱怨、批评、指责说:"出行的比丘们怎么不收拾木器和陶器,打开门窗,不告知就离开住处呢!木器和陶器丢失了。住处无人看管。"于是那些比丘们把这件事告诉了世尊...世尊说:"比丘们,据说...是真的吗?"..."是的,世尊。"...(世尊)呵责后...作了如法的开示,然后对比丘们说:

361. ‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, gamikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vattaṃ paññapessāmi yathā gamikehi bhikkhūhi sammā vattitabbaṃ. Gamikena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā dārubhaṇḍaṃ mattikābhaṇḍaṃ paṭisāmetvā dvāravātapānaṃ thaketvā senāsanaṃ āpucchā pakkamitabbaṃ [āpucchitabbaṃ (syā.)]. Sace bhikkhu na hoti, sāmaṇero āpucchitabbo. Sace sāmaṇero na hoti, ārāmiko āpucchitabbo. Sace ārāmiko na hoti, upāsako āpucchitabbo. Sace na hoti bhikkhu vā sāmaṇero vā ārāmiko vā upāsako vā, catūsu pāsāṇesu mañcaṃ paññapetvā mañce mañcaṃ āropetvā pīṭhe pīṭhaṃ āropetvā senāsanaṃ upari puñjaṃ karitvā dārubhaṇḍaṃ mattikābhaṇḍaṃ paṭisāmetvā dvāravātapānaṃ thaketvā pakkamitabbaṃ. Sace vihāro ovassati, sace ussahati, chādetabbo, ussukaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – ‘kinti nu kho vihāro chādiyethā’ti. Evañcetaṃ labhetha, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ. No ce labhetha, yo deso anovassako hoti, tattha catūsu pāsāṇesu mañcaṃ paññapetvā mañce mañcaṃ āropetvā pīṭhe pīṭhaṃ āropetvā senāsanaṃ upari puñjaṃ karitvā dārubhaṇḍaṃ mattikābhaṇḍaṃ paṭisāmetvā dvāravātapānaṃ thaketvā pakkamitabbaṃ. Sace sabbo vihāro ovassati, sace ussahati, senāsanaṃ gāmaṃ atiharitabbaṃ, ussukaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – ‘kinti nu kho senāsanaṃ gāmaṃ atihariyethā’ti. Evañcetaṃ labhetha, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ. No ce labhetha, ajjhokāse catūsu pāsāṇesu mañcaṃ paññapetvā mañce mañcaṃ āropetvā pīṭhe pīṭhaṃ āropetvā senāsanaṃ upari puñjaṃ karitvā dārubhaṇḍaṃ mattikābhaṇḍaṃ paṭisāmetvā tiṇena vā paṇṇena vā paṭicchādetvā pakkamitabbaṃ – appeva nāma aṅgānipi seseyyunti. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, gamikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vattaṃ yathā gamikehi bhikkhūhi sammā vattitabba’’nti.

4. Anumodanavattakathā

362. Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū bhattagge na anumodanti. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā bhattagge na anumodissantī’’ti! Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, bhattagge anumoditu’’nti. Atha kho tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘kena nu kho bhattagge anumoditabba’’nti? Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, therena bhikkhunā bhattagge anumoditu’’nti.

Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa pūgassa saṅghabhattaṃ hoti . Āyasmā sāriputto saṅghatthero hoti. Bhikkhū – ‘bhagavatā anuññātaṃ therena bhikkhunā bhattagge anumoditu’nti – āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ ekakaṃ ohāya pakkamiṃsu. Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto te manusse paṭisammoditvā pacchā ekako agamāsi. Addasā kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ dūratova ekakaṃ āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kacci, sāriputta, bhattaṃ iddhaṃ ahosī’’ti? ‘‘Iddhaṃ kho, bhante, bhattaṃ ahosi; apica maṃ bhikkhū ekakaṃ ohāya pakkantā’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, bhattagge catūhi pañcahi therānutherehi bhikkhūhi āgametu’’nti.

Tena kho pana samayena aññataro thero bhattagge vaccito āgamesi. So vaccaṃ sandhāretuṃ asakkonto mucchito papati. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. ‘‘Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, sati karaṇīye ānantarikaṃ bhikkhuṃ āpucchitvā gantu’’nti.

5. Bhattaggavattakathā



"因此,比丘们,我将为出行的比丘制定行为规范,出行的比丘们应当如此恰当地行事。比丘们,出行的比丘应收拾好木器和陶器,关闭门窗,告知后再离开住处。如果没有比丘,应告知沙弥。如果没有沙弥,应告知寺院工人。如果没有寺院工人,应告知优婆塞。如果既没有比丘,也没有沙弥、寺院工人或优婆塞,应在四块石头上安置床,把床叠在床上,把凳子叠在凳子上,把卧具堆在上面,收拾好木器和陶器,关闭门窗,然后离开。如果房子漏雨,如果有能力,应修补,或者应尽力想办法:'怎样才能修补房子呢?'如果能做到,那很好。如果做不到,应在不漏雨的地方四块石头上安置床,把床叠在床上,把凳子叠在凳子上,把卧具堆在上面,收拾好木器和陶器,关闭门窗,然后离开。如果整个房子都漏雨,如果有能力,应把卧具搬到村里去,或者应尽力想办法:'怎样才能把卧具搬到村里去呢?'如果能做到,那很好。如果做不到,应在露天四块石头上安置床,把床叠在床上,把凳子叠在凳子上,把卧具堆在上面,收拾好木器和陶器,用草或树叶覆盖,然后离开 - 也许还能保留一些部件。比丘们,这就是出行的比丘们应当如此恰当行事的行为规范。"
随喜行为规范的故事
那时,比丘们在饭堂不作随喜。人们抱怨、批评、指责说:"释迦子沙门们怎么在饭堂不作随喜呢!"比丘们听到了那些人抱怨、批评、指责。于是那些比丘们把这件事告诉了世尊。于是世尊以此因缘、以此场合作了如法的开示,然后对比丘们说:"比丘们,我允许在饭堂作随喜。"于是那些比丘们想:"谁应该在饭堂作随喜呢?"他们把这件事告诉了世尊。于是世尊以此因缘、以此场合作了如法的开示,然后对比丘们说:"比丘们,我允许由长老比丘在饭堂作随喜。"
那时,某个团体设斋供僧。尊者舍利弗是僧团中最长老的。比丘们想:"世尊允许由长老比丘在饭堂作随喜",就把尊者舍利弗一个人留下就离开了。于是尊者舍利弗与那些人互相问候后,后来一个人离开了。世尊从远处看到尊者舍利弗一个人走来。看到后,对尊者舍利弗说:"舍利弗,饭食丰盛吗?""世尊,饭食很丰盛;不过比丘们把我一个人留下就离开了。"于是世尊以此因缘、以此场合作了如法的开示,然后对比丘们说:"比丘们,我允许四五位长老比丘在饭堂等候。"
那时,有一位长老在饭堂想大便而等候。他忍不住大便,晕倒了。他们把这件事告诉了世尊。"比丘们,我允许有事时告知相邻的比丘后离开。"
饭堂行为规范的故事

363. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū dunnivatthā duppārutā anākappasampannā bhattaggaṃ gacchanti, vokkammapi therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ purato purato gacchanti, therepi bhikkhū anupakhajja nisīdanti , navepi bhikkhū āsanena paṭibāhanti, saṅghāṭimpi ottharitvā antaraghare nisīdanti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū dunnivatthā duppārutā anākappasampannā bhattaggaṃ gacchissanti, vokkammapi therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ purato purato gacchissanti, therepi bhikkhū anupakhajja nisīdissanti, navepi bhikkhū āsanenapi paṭibāhissanti, saṅghāṭimpi ottharitvā antaraghare nisīdissantī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, chabbaggiyā bhikkhū dunnivatthā duppārutā anākappasampannā bhattaggaṃ gacchanti, vokkammapi therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ purato purato gacchanti, therepi bhikkhū anupakhajja nisīdanti, navepi bhikkhū āsanena paṭibāhanti, saṅghāṭimpi ottharitvā antaraghare nisīdantī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ bhagavā’’ti…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi –



那时,六群比丘衣着不整齐,不庄重,不端正地去饭堂,甚至超越长老比丘们走在前面,挤在长老比丘们旁边坐下,用座位排挤新学比丘,还把大衣铺开坐在俗家里。那些少欲知足的比丘们...抱怨、批评、指责说:"六群比丘怎么衣着不整齐,不庄重,不端正地去饭堂,甚至超越长老比丘们走在前面,挤在长老比丘们旁边坐下,用座位排挤新学比丘,还把大衣铺开坐在俗家里呢?"于是那些比丘们把这件事告诉了世尊...世尊说:"比丘们,据说六群比丘衣着不整齐,不庄重,不端正地去饭堂,甚至超越长老比丘们走在前面,挤在长老比丘们旁边坐下,用座位排挤新学比丘,还把大衣铺开坐在俗家里,是真的吗?""是的,世尊。"...(世尊)呵责后...作了如法的开示,然后对比丘们说:

364. ‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ bhattaggavattaṃ paññapessāmi yathā bhikkhūhi bhattagge sammā vattitabbaṃ. Sace ārāme kālo ārocito hoti, timaṇḍalaṃ paṭicchādentena parimaṇḍalaṃ nivāsetvā kāyabandhanaṃ bandhitvā saguṇaṃ katvā saṅghāṭiyo pārupitvā gaṇṭhikaṃ paṭimuñcitvā dhovitvā pattaṃ gahetvā sādhukaṃ ataramānena gāmo pavisitabbo.

‘‘Na vokkamma therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ purato purato gantabbaṃ. Suppaṭicchannena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Susaṃvutena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Okkhittacakkhunā antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na ukkhittakāya antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na ujjagghikāya antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Appasaddena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na kāyappacālakaṃ antaraghare gantabbaṃ . Na bāhuppacālakaṃ antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na sīsappacālakaṃ antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na khambhakatena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na oguṇṭhitena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na ukkuṭikāya antaraghare gantabbaṃ.

‘‘Suppaṭicchannena antaraghare nisīditabbaṃ. Susaṃvutena antaraghare nisīditabbaṃ. Okkhittacakkhunā antaraghare nisīditabbaṃ. Na ukkhittakāya antaraghare nisīditabbaṃ na ujjagghikāya antaraghare nisīditabbaṃ, appasaddena antaraghare nisīditabba. Na kāyappacālakaṃ antaraghare nisīditabbaṃ. Na bāhuppacālakaṃ antaraghare nisīditabbaṃ. Na sīsappacālakaṃ antaraghare nisīditabbaṃ. Na khambhakatena antaraghare nisīditabbaṃ. Na oguṇṭhitena antaraghare nisīditabbaṃ. Na pallatthikāya antaraghare nisīditabbaṃ. Na there bhikkhū anupakhajja nisīditabbaṃ. Na navā bhikkhū āsanena paṭibāhitabbā. Na saṅghāṭiṃ ottharitvā antaraghare nisīditabbaṃ.

‘‘Udake diyyamāne ubhohi hatthehi pattaṃ paṭiggahetvā udakaṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ. Nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena patto dhovitabbo. Sace udakappaṭiggāhako hoti, nīcaṃ katvā udakappaṭiggahe udakaṃ āsiñcitabbaṃ – mā udakappaṭiggāhako udakena osiñci [osiñciyyī (ka.)], mā sāmantā bhikkhū udakena osiñciṃsu [osiñciyyiṃsu (ka.)], mā saṅghāṭi udakena osiñcīti. Sace udakappaṭiggāhako na hoti, nīcaṃ katvā chamāya udakaṃ āsiñcitabbaṃ – mā sāmantā bhikkhū udakena osiñciṃsu, mā saṅghāṭi udakena osiñcīti.

‘‘Odane diyyamāne ubhohi hatthehi pattaṃ paṭiggahetvā odano paṭiggahetabbo, sūpassa okāso kātabbo. Sace hoti sappi vā telaṃ vā uttaribhaṅgaṃ vā, therena vattabbo – ‘sabbesaṃ samakaṃ sampādehī’ti. Sakkaccaṃ piṇḍapāto paṭiggahetabbo. Pattasaññinā piṇḍapāto paṭiggahetabbo. Samasūpako piṇḍapāto paṭiggahetabbo. Samatittiko piṇḍapāto paṭiggahetabbo.

‘‘Na tāva therena bhuñjitabbaṃ yāva na sabbesaṃ odano sampatto hoti. Sakkaccaṃ piṇḍapāto bhuñjitabbo. Pattasaññinā piṇḍapāto bhuñjitabbo. Sapadānaṃ piṇḍapāto bhuñjitabbo. Samasūpako piṇḍapāto bhuñjitabbo . Na thūpakato omadditvā piṇḍipāto bhuñjitabbo. Na sūpaṃ vā byañjanaṃ vā odanena paṭicchādetabbaṃ bhiyyokamyataṃ upādāya. Na sūpaṃ vā odanaṃ vā agilānena attano atthāya viññāpetvā bhuñjitabbaṃ. Na ujjhānasaññinā paresaṃ patto oloketabbo. Nātimahanto kabaḷo kātabbo. Parimaṇḍalo ālopo kātabbo. Na anāhaṭe kabaḷe mukhadvāraṃ vivaritabbaṃ. Na bhuñjamānena sabbo hattho mukhe pakkhipitabbo. Na sakabaḷena mukhena byāharitabbaṃ. Na piṇḍukkhepakaṃ bhuñjitabbaṃ. Na kabaḷāvacchedakaṃ bhuñjitabbaṃ. Na avagaṇḍakārakaṃ bhuñjitabbaṃ. Na hatthaniddhunakaṃ bhuñjitabbaṃ. Na sitthāvakārakaṃ bhuñjitabbaṃ. Na jivhānicchārakaṃ bhuñjitabbaṃ. Na capucapukārakaṃ bhuñjitabbaṃ. Na surusurukārakaṃ bhuñjitabbaṃ. Na hatthanillehakaṃ bhuñjitabbaṃ. Na pattanillehakaṃ bhuñjitabbaṃ. Na oṭṭhanillehakaṃ bhuñjitabbaṃ.


"因此,比丘们,我将为比丘们制定饭堂行为规范,比丘们应当如此恰当地在饭堂行事。如果在寺院里已经宣布用餐时间,应当遮盖三轮,整齐地穿好下衣,系好腰带,把大衣叠好披上,系好纽扣,洗好钵,拿着钵,从容不迫地进入村庄。
不应超越长老比丘们走在前面。应当衣着整齐地在俗家中行走。应当举止端庄地在俗家中行走。应当目视下方地在俗家中行走。不应抬头挺胸地在俗家中行走。不应大笑地在俗家中行走。应当轻声地在俗家中行走。不应摇摆身体地在俗家中行走。不应摇摆手臂地在俗家中行走。不应摇头晃脑地在俗家中行走。不应叉腰地在俗家中行走。不应蒙头地在俗家中行走。不应蹲着地在俗家中行走。
应当衣着整齐地在俗家中坐下。应当举止端庄地在俗家中坐下。应当目视下方地在俗家中坐下。不应抬头挺胸地在俗家中坐下。不应大笑地在俗家中坐下。应当轻声地在俗家中坐下。不应摇摆身体地在俗家中坐下。不应摇摆手臂地在俗家中坐下。不应摇头晃脑地在俗家中坐下。不应叉腰地在俗家中坐下。不应蒙头地在俗家中坐下。不应侧身倚靠地在俗家中坐下。不应挤在长老比丘们旁边坐下。不应用座位排挤新学比丘。不应把大衣铺开坐在俗家里。
当施主倒水时,应当用双手接住钵,接受水。应当把钵放低,小心地不刮擦地洗钵。如果有接水的人,应当把钵放低,把水倒入接水器中 - 不要把水溅到接水的人身上,不要把水溅到周围的比丘身上,不要把水溅到大衣上。如果没有接水的人,应当把钵放低,把水倒在地上 - 不要把水溅到周围的比丘身上,不要把水溅到大衣上。
当施主施食时,应当用双手接住钵,接受饭食,应当为汤留出空间。如果有酥油、油或咖喱,长老应当说:'请平等地分配给大家。'应当恭敬地接受托钵食。应当专注于钵而接受托钵食。应当接受汤和饭的比例相当的托钵食。应当接受恰到钵边的托钵食。
长老不应在所有人都得到饭之前就开始用餐。应当恭敬地用餐。应当专注于钵而用餐。应当按次第用餐。应当汤和饭的比例相当地用餐。不应从饭的中间开始吃。不应为了得到更多而用饭盖住汤或菜。无病比丘不应为自己要求汤或饭而食用。不应带着挑剔的心态看别人的钵。不应做太大的饭团。应当做圆形的饭团。不应在饭团还没送到嘴边时就张开嘴。不应在吃饭时把整只手伸进嘴里。不应口中含着食物说话。不应抛饭入口。不应咬断饭团。不应塞满腮帮子。不应边吃边甩手。不应边吃边掉饭粒。不应边吃边伸出舌头。不应边吃边发出咀嚼声。不应边吃边发出吸溜声。不应舔手。不应舔钵。不应舔嘴唇。


‘‘Na sāmisena hatthena pānīyathālako paṭiggahetabbo. Na tāva therena udakaṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ yāva na sabbeva bhuttāvino honti. Udake diyyamāne ubhohi hatthehi pattaṃ paṭiggahetvā udakaṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ. Nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena patto dhovitabbo. Sace udakappaṭiggāhako hoti, nīcaṃ katvā udakappaṭiggahe udakaṃ āsiñcitabbaṃ – mā udakappaṭiggāhako udakena osiñci, mā sāmantā bhikkhū udakena osiñciṃsu, mā saṅghāṭi udakena osiñcīti. Sace udakappaṭiggāhako na hoti, nīcaṃ katvā chamāya udakaṃ āsiñcitabbaṃ – mā sāmantā bhikkhū udakena osiñciṃsu, mā saṅghāṭi udakena osiñcīti. Na sasitthakaṃ pattadhovanaṃ antaraghare chaḍḍetabbaṃ.

‘‘Nivattantena navakehi bhikkhūhi paṭhamataraṃ nivattitabbaṃ. Pacchā therehi suppaṭicchannena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Susaṃvutena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Okkhittacakkhunā antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na ukkhittakāya antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na ujjagghikāya antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Appasaddena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na kāyappacālakaṃ antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na bāhuppacālakaṃ antaraghare gantabbaṃ . Na sīsappacālakaṃ antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na khambhakatena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na oguṇṭhitena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na ukkuṭikāya antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ bhattaggavattaṃ yathā bhikkhūhi bhattagge sammā vattitabba’’nti.

Paṭhamabhāṇavāro niṭṭhito.

6. Piṇḍacārikavattakathā

365. Tena kho pana samayena piṇḍacārikā bhikkhū dunnivatthā duppārutā anākappasampannā piṇḍāya caranti, asallakkhetvāpi nivesanaṃ pavisanti, asallakkhetvāpi nikkhamanti, atisahasāpi pavisanti, atisahasāpi nikkhamanti, atidūrepi tiṭṭhanti, accāsannepi tiṭṭhanti, aticirampi tiṭṭhanti, atilahumpi nivattanti. Aññataropi piṇḍacāriko bhikkhu asallakkhetvā nivesanaṃ pāvisi. So ca dvāraṃ maññamāno aññataraṃ ovarakaṃ pāvisi. Tasmimpi ovarake itthī naggā uttānā nipannā hoti. Addasā kho so bhikkhu taṃ itthiṃ naggaṃ uttānaṃ nipannaṃ. Disvāna – ‘‘nayidaṃ dvāraṃ, ovarakaṃ ida’’nti tamhā ovarakā nikkhami. Addasā kho tassā itthiyā sāmiko taṃ itthiṃ naggaṃ uttānaṃ nipannaṃ. Disvāna – ‘‘iminā me bhikkhunā pajāpatī dūsitā’’ti taṃ bhikkhuṃ gahetvā ākoṭesi. Atha kho sā itthī tena saddena paṭibujjhitvā taṃ purisaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kissa tvaṃ, ayya, imaṃ bhikkhuṃ ākoṭesī’’ti? ‘‘Imināsi tvaṃ bhikkhunā dūsitā’’ti? ‘‘Nāhaṃ, ayya, iminā bhikkhunā dūsitā; akārako so bhikkhū’’ti taṃ bhikkhuṃ muñcāpesi. Atha kho so bhikkhu ārāmaṃ gantvā bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesi. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma piṇḍacārikā bhikkhū dunnivatthā duppārutā anākappasampannā piṇḍāya carissanti, asallakkhetvāpi nivesanaṃ pavisissanti, asallakkhetvāpi nikkhamissanti, atisahasāpi pavisissanti, atisahasāpi nikkhamissanti, atidūrepi tiṭṭhissanti, accāsannepi tiṭṭhissanti, aticirampi tiṭṭhissanti, atilahumpi nivattissantī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave…pe… saccaṃ bhagavāti…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi –



"不应用沾有食物的手接受饮水器。长老不应在所有人都用完餐之前接受水。当施主倒水时,应当用双手接住钵,接受水。应当把钵放低,小心地不刮擦地洗钵。如果有接水的人,应当把钵放低,把水倒入接水器中 - 不要把水溅到接水的人身上,不要把水溅到周围的比丘身上,不要把水溅到大衣上。如果没有接水的人,应当把钵放低,把水倒在地上 - 不要把水溅到周围的比丘身上,不要把水溅到大衣上。不应把含有饭粒的洗钵水倒在俗家里。
回去时,新学比丘们应当先回去。然后长老们应当衣着整齐地在俗家中行走。应当举止端庄地在俗家中行走。应当目视下方地在俗家中行走。不应抬头挺胸地在俗家中行走。不应大笑地在俗家中行走。应当轻声地在俗家中行走。不应摇摆身体地在俗家中行走。不应摇摆手臂地在俗家中行走。不应摇头晃脑地在俗家中行走。不应叉腰地在俗家中行走。不应蒙头地在俗家中行走。不应蹲着地在俗家中行走。比丘们,这就是比丘们应当如此恰当地在饭堂行事的行为规范。"
第一诵分结束。
托钵行为规范的故事
那时,托钵的比丘们衣着不整齐,不庄重,不端正地去托钵,不观察就进入住宅,不观察就离开,太匆忙地进入,太匆忙地离开,站得太远,站得太近,站得太久,离开得太快。有一个托钵比丘不观察就进入一个住宅。他误以为是门,进入了一个小房间。在那个小房间里,一个女人赤身裸体仰躺着。那个比丘看到那个女人赤身裸体仰躺着。看到后,他想:"这不是门,这是小房间",就从那个小房间里出来了。那个女人的丈夫看到那个女人赤身裸体仰躺着。看到后,他想:"这个比丘玷污了我的妻子",就抓住那个比丘打他。于是那个女人听到声音醒来,对那个男人说:"先生,你为什么打这个比丘?""这个比丘玷污了你。""先生,这个比丘没有玷污我;这个比丘是无辜的。"她让那个比丘获释。于是那个比丘回到寺院,把这件事告诉比丘们。那些少欲知足的比丘们...抱怨、批评、指责说:"托钵的比丘们怎么衣着不整齐,不庄重,不端正地去托钵,不观察就进入住宅,不观察就离开,太匆忙地进入,太匆忙地离开,站得太远,站得太近,站得太久,离开得太快呢?"于是那些比丘们把这件事告诉了世尊...世尊说:"比丘们,据说...是真的吗?"..."是的,世尊。"...(世尊)呵责后...作了如法的开示,然后对比丘们说:

366. ‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, piṇḍacārikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vattaṃ paññāpessāmi yathā piṇḍacārikehi bhikkhūhi sammā vattitabbaṃ. Piṇḍacārikena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā – ‘idāni gāmaṃ pavisissāmī’ti timaṇḍalaṃ paṭicchādentena parimaṇḍalaṃ nivāsetvā kāyabandhanaṃ bandhitvā saguṇaṃ katvā saṅghāṭiyo pārupitvā gaṇṭhikaṃ paṭimuñcitvā dhovitvā pattaṃ gahetvā sādhukaṃ ataramānena gāmo pavisitabbo.

‘‘Suppaṭicchannena antaraghare gantabbaṃ . Susaṃvutena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Okkhittacakkhunā antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na ukkhittakāya antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na ujjagghikāya antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Appasaddena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na kāyappacālakaṃ antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na bāhuppacālakaṃ antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na sīsappacālakaṃ antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na khambhakatena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na oguṇṭhitena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na ukkuṭikāya antaraghare gantabbaṃ.

‘‘Nivesanaṃ pavisantena sallakkhetabbaṃ – ‘iminā pavisissāmi, iminā nikkhamissāmī’ti. Nātisahasā pavisitabbaṃ. Nātisahasā nikkhamitabbaṃ. Nātidūre ṭhātabbaṃ. Nāccāsanne ṭhātabbaṃ. Nāticiraṃ ṭhātabbaṃ. Nātilahuṃ nivattitabbaṃ. Ṭhitakena sallakkhetabbaṃ – ‘bhikkhaṃ dātukāmā vā adātukāmā vā’ti. Sace kammaṃ vā nikkhipati, āsanā vā vuṭṭhāti, kaṭacchuṃ vā parāmasati, bhājanaṃ vā parāmasati, ṭhapeti [ṭhāpeti (ka.)] vā – dātukāmassāti [dātukāmiyāti (syā.), dātukāmā viyāti (sī.)] ṭhātabbaṃ. Bhikkhāya diyyamānāya vāmena hatthena saṅghāṭiṃ uccāretvā dakkhiṇena hatthena pattaṃ paṇāmetvā ubhohi hatthehi pattaṃ paṭiggahetvā bhikkhā paṭiggahetabbā. Na ca bhikkhādāyikāya mukhaṃ ulloketabbaṃ [oloketabbaṃ (syā.)]. Sallakkhetabbaṃ – ‘sūpaṃ dātukāmā vā adātukāmā vā’ti. Sace kaṭacchuṃ vā parāmasati, bhājanaṃ vā parāmasati, ṭhapeti vā – dātukāmassāti ṭhātabbaṃ. Bhikkhāya dinnāya saṅghāṭiyā pattaṃ paṭicchādetvā sādhukaṃ ataramānena nivattitabbaṃ.

‘‘Suppaṭicchannena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Susaṃvutena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Okkhittacakkhunā antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na ukkhittakāya antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na ujjagghikāya antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Appasaddena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na kāyappacālakaṃ antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na bāhuppacālakaṃ antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na sīsappacālakaṃ antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na khambhakatena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na oguṇṭhitena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na ukkuṭikāya antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Yo paṭhamaṃ gāmato piṇḍāya paṭikkamati, tena āsanaṃ paññapetabbaṃ, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ upanikkhipitabbaṃ, avakkārapāti dhovitvā upaṭṭhāpetabbā, pānīyaṃ paribhojanīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpetabbaṃ. Yo pacchā gāmato piṇḍāya paṭikkamati, sace hoti bhuttāvaseso, sace ākaṅkhati, bhuñjitabbaṃ . No ce ākaṅkhati, appaharite vā chaḍḍetabbaṃ, appāṇake vā udake opilāpetabbaṃ. Tena āsanaṃ uddharitabbaṃ, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ paṭisāmetabbaṃ, avakkārapāti dhovitvā paṭisāmetabbā, pānīyaṃ paribhojanīyaṃ paṭisāmetabbaṃ , bhattaggaṃ sammajjitabbaṃ. Yo passati pānīyaghaṭaṃ vā paribhojanīyaghaṭaṃ vā vaccaghaṭaṃ vā rittaṃ tucchaṃ tena upaṭṭhāpetabbaṃ. Sacassa hoti avisayhaṃ, hatthavikārena dutiyaṃ āmantetvā hatthavilaṅghakena upaṭṭhāpetabbaṃ, na ca tappaccayā vācā bhinditabbā. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, piṇḍacārikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vattaṃ yathā piṇḍacārikehi bhikkhūhi sammā vattitabba’’nti.

7. Āraññikavattakathā



"因此,比丘们,我将为托钵的比丘们制定行为规范,托钵的比丘们应当如此恰当地行事。比丘们,托钵的比丘想:'现在我要进入村庄'时,应当遮盖三轮,整齐地穿好下衣,系好腰带,把大衣叠好披上,系好纽扣,洗好钵,拿着钵,从容不迫地进入村庄。
应当衣着整齐地在俗家中行走。应当举止端庄地在俗家中行走。应当目视下方地在俗家中行走。不应抬头挺胸地在俗家中行走。不应大笑地在俗家中行走。应当轻声地在俗家中行走。不应摇摆身体地在俗家中行走。不应摇摆手臂地在俗家中行走。不应摇头晃脑地在俗家中行走。不应叉腰地在俗家中行走。不应蒙头地在俗家中行走。不应蹲着地在俗家中行走。
进入住宅时应当观察:'我将从这里进入,从这里离开。'不应太匆忙地进入。不应太匆忙地离开。不应站得太远。不应站得太近。不应站得太久。不应离开得太快。站着时应当观察:'他们是否想布施食物。'如果他们放下工作,或从座位上站起来,或拿起勺子,或拿起容器,或放置 - 应当站着等待,因为他们想布施。当施主布施食物时,应当用左手掀起大衣,用右手伸出钵,用双手接住钵,接受食物。不应看施主的脸。应当观察:'他们是否想布施汤。'如果他们拿起勺子,或拿起容器,或放置 - 应当站着等待,因为他们想布施。布施完毕后,应当用大衣遮盖钵,从容不迫地离开。
应当衣着整齐地在俗家中行走。应当举止端庄地在俗家中行走。应当目视下方地在俗家中行走。不应抬头挺胸地在俗家中行走。不应大笑地在俗家中行走。应当轻声地在俗家中行走。不应摇摆身体地在俗家中行走。不应摇摆手臂地在俗家中行走。不应摇头晃脑地在俗家中行走。不应叉腰地在俗家中行走。不应蒙头地在俗家中行走。不应蹲着地在俗家中行走。第一个从村庄托钵回来的人应当准备座位,放置洗脚水、脚凳、脚垫,洗好并放置痰盂,准备好饮用水和洗脚水。最后从村庄托钵回来的人,如果还有剩余的食物,如果想吃就吃。如果不想吃,应当倒在没有草的地方,或倒入没有生物的水中。他应当收起座位,收起洗脚水、脚凳、脚垫,洗好并收起痰盂,收起饮用水和洗脚水,打扫饭堂。看到饮水罐、洗脚水罐或厕所水罐空了的人应当装满。如果他无法搬动,应当用手势召唤第二个人,用手势示意装满,但不应为此开口说话。比丘们,这就是托钵的比丘们应当如此恰当行事的行为规范。"
林居比丘行为规范的故事

367. Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū araññe viharanti. Te neva pānīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpenti, na paribhojanīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpenti , na aggiṃ upaṭṭhāpenti, na araṇisahitaṃ upaṭṭhāpenti, na nakkhattapadāni jānanti, na disābhāgaṃ jānanti. Corā tattha gantvā te bhikkhū etadavocuṃ – ‘‘atthi, bhante, pānīya’’nti? ‘‘Natthāvuso’’ti. ‘‘Atthi, bhante, paribhojanīya’’nti? ‘‘Natthāvuso’’ti. ‘‘Atthi, bhante, aggī’’ti? ‘‘Natthāvuso’’ti. ‘‘Atthi, bhante, araṇisahita’’nti? ‘‘Natthāvuso’’ti. ( ) [(atthi bhante nakkhattapadānīti, na jānāma āvusoti, atthi bhante disābhāganti, na jānāma āvusoti.) sī. vimatiṭīkāya pana sameti] ‘‘Kenajja, bhante, yutta’’nti? ‘‘Na kho mayaṃ, āvuso, jānāmā’’ti. ‘‘Katamāyaṃ, bhante, disā’’ti? ‘‘Na kho mayaṃ, āvuso, jānāmā’’ti. Atha kho te corā – ‘nevimesaṃ pānīyaṃ atthi, na paribhojanīyaṃ atthi, na aggi atthi, na araṇisahitaṃ atthi, na nakkhattapadāni jānanti, na disābhāgaṃ jānanti; corā ime, nayime bhikkhū’ti – ākoṭetvā pakkamiṃsu. Atha kho te bhikkhū bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi –

368. ‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, āraññikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vattaṃ paññapessāmi yathā āraññikehi bhikkhūhi sammā vattitabbaṃ. Āraññikena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā kālasseva uṭṭhāya pattaṃ thavikāya pakkhipitvā aṃse ālaggetvā cīvaraṃ khandhe karitvā upāhanā ārohitvā dārubhaṇḍaṃ mattikābhaṇḍaṃ paṭisāmetvā dvāravātapānaṃ thaketvā senāsanā otaritabbaṃ – idāni gāmaṃ pavisissāmīti. Upāhanā omuñcitvā nīcaṃ katvā papphoṭetvā thavikāya pakkhipitvā aṃse ālaggetvā timaṇḍalaṃ paṭicchādentena parimaṇḍalaṃ nivāsetvā kāyabandhanaṃ bandhitvā saguṇaṃ katvā saṅghāṭiyo pārupitvā gaṇṭhikaṃ paṭimuñcitvā dhovitvā pattaṃ gahetvā sādhukaṃ ataramānena gāmo pavisitabbo. Suppaṭicchannena antaraghare gantabbaṃ…pe… na khambhakatena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na oguṇṭhitena antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Na ukkuṭikāya antaraghare gantabbaṃ.

‘‘Nivesanaṃ pavisantena sallakkhetabbaṃ – ‘iminā pavisissāmi, iminā nikkhamissāmī’ti. Nātisahasā pavisitabbaṃ. Nātisahasā nikkhamitabbaṃ. Nātidūre ṭhātabbaṃ. Nāccāsanne ṭhātabbaṃ. Nāticiraṃ ṭhātabbaṃ. Nātilahuṃ nivattitabbaṃ. Ṭhitakena sallakkhetabbaṃ – ‘bhikkhaṃ dātukāmā vā adātukāmā vā’ti. Sace kammaṃ vā nikkhipati, āsanā vā vuṭṭhāti, kaṭacchuṃ vā parāmasati, bhājanaṃ vā parāmasati, ṭhapeti vā – dātukāmassāti ṭhātabbaṃ. Bhikkhāya diyyamānāya vāmena hatthena saṅghāṭiṃ uccāretvā dakkhiṇena hatthena pattaṃ paṇāmetvā ubhohi hatthehi pattaṃ paṭiggahetvā bhikkhā paṭiggahetabbā. Na ca bhikkhādāyikāya mukhaṃ ulloketabbaṃ. Sallakkhetabbaṃ – ‘sūpaṃ dātukāmā vā adātukāmā vā’ti. Sace kaṭacchu vā parāmasati, bhājanaṃ vā parāmasati, ṭhapeti vā – dātukāmassāti ṭhātabbaṃ. Bhikkhāya dinnāya saṅghāṭiyā pattaṃ paṭicchādetvā sādhukaṃ ataramānena nivattitabbaṃ.

‘‘Suppaṭicchannena antaraghare gantabbaṃ…pe… na ukkuṭikāya antaraghare gantabbaṃ. Gāmato nikkhamitvā pattaṃ thavikāya pakkhipitvā aṃse ālaggetvā cīvaraṃ saṅgharitvā sīse karitvā upāhanā ārohitvā gantabbaṃ.

‘‘Āraññikena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā pānīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpetabbaṃ, paribhojanīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpetabbaṃ, aggi upaṭṭhāpetabbo, araṇisahitaṃ upaṭṭhāpetabbaṃ, kattaradaṇḍo upaṭṭhāpetabbo, nakkhattapadāni uggahetabbāni – sakalāni vā ekadesāni vā, disākusalena bhavitabbaṃ. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, āraññikānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vattaṃ yathā āraññikehi bhikkhūhi sammā vattitabba’’nti.

8. Senāsanavattakathā



那时,许多比丘住在林中。他们既不准备饮用水,也不准备洗脚水,不生火,不准备钻木取火的工具,不知道星象,不知道方位。盗贼来到那里对那些比丘说:"尊者,有饮用水吗?""没有,朋友。""尊者,有洗脚水吗?""没有,朋友。""尊者,有火吗?""没有,朋友。""尊者,有钻木取火的工具吗?""没有,朋友。""尊者,今天是什么星宿?""朋友,我们不知道。""尊者,这是什么方向?""朋友,我们不知道。"于是那些盗贼想:"这些人既没有饮用水,也没有洗脚水,没有火,没有钻木取火的工具,不知道星象,不知道方位;这些是盗贼,不是比丘",就打他们后离开了。于是那些比丘把这件事告诉其他比丘。比丘们把这件事告诉了世尊。于是世尊以此因缘、以此场合作了如法的开示,然后对比丘们说:
"因此,比丘们,我将为林居比丘们制定行为规范,林居比丘们应当如此恰当地行事。比丘们,林居比丘应当一大早起床,把钵放入钵袋,挂在肩上,把袈裟披在肩上,穿上鞋,收拾好木器和陶器,关闭门窗,离开住处,想:'现在我要进入村庄。'脱下鞋,把鞋放低并拍打,放入钵袋,挂在肩上,遮盖三轮,整齐地穿好下衣,系好腰带,把大衣叠好披上,系好纽扣,洗好钵,拿着钵,从容不迫地进入村庄。应当衣着整齐地在俗家中行走...不应叉腰地在俗家中行走。不应蒙头地在俗家中行走。不应蹲着地在俗家中行走。
进入住宅时应当观察:'我将从这里进入,从这里离开。'不应太匆忙地进入。不应太匆忙地离开。不应站得太远。不应站得太近。不应站得太久。不应离开得太快。站着时应当观察:'他们是否想布施食物。'如果他们放下工作,或从座位上站起来,或拿起勺子,或拿起容器,或放置 - 应当站着等待,因为他们想布施。当施主布施食物时,应当用左手掀起大衣,用右手伸出钵,用双手接住钵,接受食物。不应看施主的脸。应当观察:'他们是否想布施汤。'如果他们拿起勺子,或拿起容器,或放置 - 应当站着等待,因为他们想布施。布施完毕后,应当用大衣遮盖钵,从容不迫地离开。
应当衣着整齐地在俗家中行走...不应蹲着地在俗家中行走。离开村庄后,应当把钵放入钵袋,挂在肩上,把袈裟叠好放在头上,穿上鞋,然后行走。
比丘们,林居比丘应当准备饮用水,准备洗脚水,生火,准备钻木取火的工具,准备拐杖,学习星象 - 全部或部分,应当熟悉方位。比丘们,这就是林居比丘们应当如此恰当行事的行为规范。"
住处行为规范的故事

369. Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū ajjhokāse cīvarakammaṃ karonti. Chabbaggiyā bhikkhū paṭivāte aṅgaṇe [paṅgaṇe (sī. syā.)] senāsanaṃ papphoṭesuṃ. Bhikkhū rajena okiriṃsu. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū paṭivāte aṅgaṇe senāsanaṃ papphoṭessanti! Bhikkhū rajena okiriṃsū’’ti. Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, chabbaggiyā bhikkhū paṭivāte aṅgaṇe senāsanaṃ papphoṭenti, bhikkhū rajena okiriṃsū’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ bhagavā’’ti…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi –



那时,许多比丘在露天做衣服。六群比丘在上风处的院子里拍打住处的用具。比丘们被尘土覆盖了。那些少欲知足的比丘们...抱怨、批评、指责说:"六群比丘怎么在上风处的院子里拍打住处的用具!比丘们被尘土覆盖了。"于是那些比丘们把这件事告诉了世尊...世尊说:"比丘们,据说六群比丘在上风处的院子里拍打住处的用具,比丘们被尘土覆盖了,是真的吗?""是的,世尊。"...(世尊)呵责后...作了如法的开示,然后对比丘们说:


370. ‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ senāsanavattaṃ paññapessāmi yathā bhikkhūhi senāsane sammā vattitabbaṃ. Yasmiṃ vihāre viharati, sace so vihāro uklāpo hoti, sace ussahati, sodhetabbo. [mahāva. 66, 67; cūḷava. 357] Vihāraṃ sodhentena paṭhamaṃ pattacīvaraṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; nisīdanapaccattharaṇaṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; bhisibibbohanaṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; mañco nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṃ, nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbo; pīṭhaṃ nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṃ, nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; mañcapaṭipādakā nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbā; kheḷamallako nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbo; apassenaphalakaṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; bhummattharaṇaṃ yathāpaññattaṃ sallakkhetvā nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Sace vihāre santānakaṃ hoti, ullokā paṭhamaṃ ohāretabbaṃ, ālokasandhikaṇṇabhāgā pamajjitabbā. Sace gerukaparikammakatā bhitti kaṇṇakitā hoti, coḷakaṃ temetvā pīḷetvā pamajjitabbā. Sace kāḷavaṇṇakatā bhūmi kaṇṇakitā hoti, coḷakaṃ temetvā pīḷetvā pamajjitabbā. Sace akatā hoti bhūmi, udakena paripphositvā pariphositvā sammajjitabbā – mā vihāro rajena uhaññīti. Saṅkāraṃ vicinitvā ekamantaṃ chaḍḍetabbaṃ.

‘‘Na bhikkhusāmantā senāsanaṃ papphoṭetabbaṃ. Na vihārasāmantā senāsanaṃ papphoṭetabbaṃ. Na pānīyasāmantā senāsanaṃ papphoṭetabbaṃ. Na paribhojanīyasāmantā senāsanaṃ papphoṭetabbaṃ. Na paṭivāte aṅgaṇe senāsanaṃ papphoṭetabbaṃ. Adhovāte senāsanaṃ papphoṭetabbaṃ.

‘‘Bhummattharaṇaṃ ekamantaṃ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṃ paññapetabbaṃ. Mañcapaṭipādakā ekamantaṃ otāpetvā pamajjitvā atiharitvā yathāṭhāne ṭhapetabbā. Mañco ekamantaṃ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṃ, atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṃ paññapetabbo. Pīṭhaṃ ekamantaṃ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṃ, atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṃ paññapetabbaṃ. Bhisibibbohanaṃ ekamantaṃ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṃ paññapetabbaṃ. Nisīdanapaccattharaṇaṃ ekamantaṃ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṃ paññapetabbaṃ. Kheḷamallako ekamantaṃ otāpetvā pamajjitvā atiharitvā yathāṭhāne ṭhapetabbo. Apassenaphalakaṃ ekamantaṃ otāpetvā pamajjitvā atiharitvā yathāṭhāne ṭhapetabbaṃ. Pattacīvaraṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Pattaṃ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena pattaṃ gahetvā ekena hatthena heṭṭhāmañcaṃ vā heṭṭhāpīṭhaṃ vā parāmasitvā patto nikkhipitabbo. Na ca anantarahitāya bhūmiyā patto nikkhipitabbo. Cīvaraṃ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena cīvaraṃ gahetvā ekena hatthena cīvaravaṃsaṃ vā cīvararajju vā pamajjitvā pārato antaṃ orato bhogaṃ katvā cīvaraṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ.

‘‘Sace puratthimā sarajā vātā vāyanti, puratthimā vātapānā thaketabbā. Sace pacchimā sarajā vātā vāyanti, pacchimā vātapānā thaketabbā. Sace uttarā sarajā vātā vāyanti uttarā vātapānā thaketabbā. Sace dakkhiṇā sarajā vātā vāyanti, dakkhiṇā vātapānā thaketabbā. Sace sītakālo hoti, divā vātapānā vivaritabbā, rattiṃ thaketabbā. Sace uṇhakālo hoti, divā vātapānā thaketabbā, rattiṃ vivaritabbā.

‘‘Sace pariveṇaṃ uklāpaṃ hoti, pariveṇaṃ sammajjitabbaṃ. Sace koṭṭhako uklāpo hoti, koṭṭhako sammajjitabbo. Sace upaṭṭhānasālā uklāpā hoti, upaṭṭhānasālā sammajjitabbā. Sace aggisālā uklāpā hoti, aggisālā sammajjitabbā. Sace vaccakuṭi uklāpā hoti, vaccakuṭi sammajjitabbā. Sace pānīyaṃ na hoti, pānīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpetabbaṃ. Sace paribhojanīyaṃ na hoti, paribhojanīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpetabbaṃ. Sace ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṃ na hoti, ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṃ āsiñcitabbaṃ.


"因此,比丘们,我将为比丘们制定住处行为规范,比丘们应当如此恰当地在住处行事。如果住的精舍很脏,如果有能力,应当清洁。清洁精舍时,首先应当把钵和衣服拿出来放在一边;把坐具和卧具拿出来放在一边;把床垫和枕头拿出来放在一边;把床架放低,小心地不刮擦、不碰撞门框,拿出来放在一边;把椅子放低,小心地不刮擦、不碰撞门框,拿出来放在一边;把床脚拿出来放在一边;把痰盂拿出来放在一边;把靠背板拿出来放在一边;记住地毯的位置,拿出来放在一边。如果精舍里有蜘蛛网,应当先从天花板上清除,擦拭窗户周围和角落。如果涂了赭石的墙壁有污迹,应当用湿布拧干后擦拭。如果染黑的地面有污迹,应当用湿布拧干后擦拭。如果地面没有处理过,应当洒水后扫地 - 不要让精舍被尘土弄脏。把垃圾收集起来倒在一边。
不应在比丘附近拍打住处用具。不应在精舍附近拍打住处用具。不应在饮用水附近拍打住处用具。不应在洗脚水附近拍打住处用具。不应在上风处的院子里拍打住处用具。应当在下风处拍打住处用具。
应当把地毯拿到一边晒干、清洁、拍打,然后搬回原处铺好。应当把床脚拿到一边晒干、擦拭,然后搬回原处放好。应当把床架拿到一边晒干、清洁、拍打,然后放低,小心地不刮擦、不碰撞门框,搬回原处摆好。应当把椅子拿到一边晒干、清洁、拍打,然后放低,小心地不刮擦、不碰撞门框,搬回原处摆好。应当把床垫和枕头拿到一边晒干、清洁、拍打,然后搬回原处铺好。应当把坐具和卧具拿到一边晒干、清洁、拍打,然后搬回原处铺好。应当把痰盂拿到一边晒干、擦拭,然后搬回原处放好。应当把靠背板拿到一边晒干、擦拭,然后搬回原处放好。应当放好钵和衣服。放钵时,应当一只手拿着钵,另一只手摸摸床下或椅子下,然后放下钵。不应把钵放在没有遮蔽的地面上。放衣服时,应当一只手拿着衣服,另一只手擦拭衣杆或衣绳,然后把衣服对折,褶边朝外放好。
如果东风带尘吹来,应当关闭东面的窗户。如果西风带尘吹来,应当关闭西面的窗户。如果北风带尘吹来,应当关闭北面的窗户。如果南风带尘吹来,应当关闭南面的窗户。如果天气寒冷,白天应当打开窗户,晚上应当关闭。如果天气炎热,白天应当关闭窗户,晚上应当打开。
如果院子很脏,应当打扫院子。如果门廊很脏,应当打扫门廊。如果集会堂很脏,应当打扫集会堂。如果火房很脏,应当打扫火房。如果厕所很脏,应当打扫厕所。如果没有饮用水,应当准备饮用水。如果没有洗脚水,应当准备洗脚水。如果洗手水罐里没有水,应当往洗手水罐里倒水。


‘‘Sace vuḍḍhena saddhiṃ ekavihāre viharati, na vuḍḍhaṃ anāpucchā uddeso dātabbo, na paripucchā dātabbā, na sajjhāyo kātabbo, na dhammo bhāsitabbo, na padīpo kātabbo, na padīpo vijjhāpetabbo, na vātapānā vivaritabbā, na vātapānā thaketabbā. Sace vuḍḍhena saddhiṃ ekacaṅkame caṅkamati, yena vuḍḍho tena parivattitabbaṃ, na ca vuḍḍho saṅghāṭikaṇṇena ghaṭṭetabbo. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ senāsanavattaṃ yathā bhikkhūhi senāsane sammā vattitabba’’nti.

9. Jantāgharavattakathā

371. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū jantāghare therehi bhikkhūhi nivāriyamānā anādariyaṃ paṭicca pahūtaṃ kaṭṭhaṃ āropetvā aggiṃ datvā dvāraṃ thaketvā dvāre nisīdanti. Bhikkhū [therā ca bhikkhū (syā. kaṃ.)] uṇhābhitattā dvāraṃ alabhamānā mucchitā papatanti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū jantāghare therehi bhikkhūhi nivāriyamānā anādariyaṃ paṭicca pahūtaṃ kaṭṭhaṃ āropetvā aggiṃ datvā dvāraṃ thaketvā dvāre nisīdissanti! Bhikkhū uṇhābhitattā dvāraṃ alabhamānā mucchitā papatantī’’ti. Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, chabbaggiyā bhikkhū jantāghare therehi bhikkhūhi nivāriyamānā anādariyaṃ paṭicca pahūtaṃ kaṭṭhaṃ āropetvā aggiṃ datvā dvāraṃ thaketvā dvāre nisīdanti; bhikkhū uṇhābhitattā dvāraṃ alabhamānā mucchitā papatantī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ bhagavā’’ti…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘na , bhikkhave, jantāghare therena bhikkhunā nivāriyamānena anādariyaṃ paṭicca pahūtaṃ kaṭṭhaṃ āropetvā aggi dātabbo. Yo dadeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Na, bhikkhave, dvāraṃ thaketvā dvāre nisīditabbaṃ. Yo nisīdeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa.

372. ‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ jantāgharavattaṃ paññapessāmi yathā bhikkhūhi jantāghare sammā vattitabbaṃ. Yo paṭhamaṃ jantāgharaṃ gacchati, sace chārikā ussannā hoti, chārikā chaḍḍetabbā. Sace jantāgharaṃ uklāpaṃ hoti, jantāgharaṃ sammajjitabbaṃ. Sace paribhaṇḍaṃ uklāpaṃ hoti, paribhaṇḍaṃ sammajjitabbaṃ. Sace pariveṇaṃ uklāpaṃ hoti, pariveṇaṃ sammajjitabbaṃ. Sace koṭṭhako uklāpo hoti, koṭṭhako sammajjitabbo . Sace jantāgharasālā uklāpā hoti, jantāgharasālā sammajjitabbā.

‘‘Cuṇṇaṃ sannetabbaṃ, mattikā temetabbā, udakadoṇikāya udakaṃ āsiñcitabbaṃ. Jantāgharaṃ pavisantena mattikāya mukhaṃ makkhetvā purato ca pacchato ca paṭicchādetvā jantāgharaṃ pavisitabbaṃ. Na there bhikkhū anupakhajja nisīditabbaṃ. Na navā bhikkhū āsanena paṭibāhitabbā. Sace ussahati, jantāghare therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ parikammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Jantāgharā nikkhamantena jantāgharapīṭhaṃ ādāya purato ca pacchato ca paṭicchādetvā jantāgharā nikkhamitabbaṃ. Sace ussahati, udakepi therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ parikammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Na therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ puratopi nahāyitabbaṃ, na uparitopi nahāyitabbaṃ. Nahātena uttarantena otarantānaṃ maggo dātabbo. Yo pacchā jantāgharā nikkhamati, sace jantāgharaṃ cikkhallaṃ hoti, dhovitabbaṃ. Mattikādoṇikaṃ dhovitvā jantāgharapīṭhaṃ paṭisāmetvā aggiṃ vijjhāpetvā dvāraṃ thaketvā pakkamitabbaṃ. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ jantāgharavattaṃ yathā bhikkhūhi jantāghare sammā vattitabba’’nti.

10. Vaccakuṭivattakathā



"如果与长老共住一个精舍,不应未经长老允许就诵经,不应未经长老允许就问法,不应诵经,不应说法,不应点灯,不应熄灯,不应开窗,不应关窗。如果与长老在同一经行处经行,应当随长老转向,不应用衣角碰触长老。比丘们,这就是比丘们应当如此恰当地在住处行事的行为规范。"
浴室行为规范的故事
那时,六群比丘在浴室里被长老比丘们制止时,由于不尊重,就堆了很多柴火点燃,关上门坐在门口。比丘们被热气熏得晕倒,无法开门。那些少欲知足的比丘们...抱怨、批评、指责说:"六群比丘怎么在浴室里被长老比丘们制止时,由于不尊重,就堆了很多柴火点燃,关上门坐在门口!比丘们被热气熏得晕倒,无法开门。"于是那些比丘们把这件事告诉了世尊..."比丘们,据说六群比丘在浴室里被长老比丘们制止时,由于不尊重,就堆了很多柴火点燃,关上门坐在门口;比丘们被热气熏得晕倒,无法开门,是真的吗?""是的,世尊。"...(世尊)呵责后...作了如法的开示,然后对比丘们说:"比丘们,在浴室里被长老比丘制止时,不应由于不尊重就堆很多柴火点燃。谁这样做,犯突吉罗。比丘们,不应关上门坐在门口。谁这样做,犯突吉罗。
"因此,比丘们,我将为比丘们制定浴室行为规范,比丘们应当如此恰当地在浴室行事。第一个去浴室的人,如果灰堆得太多,应当倒掉灰。如果浴室很脏,应当打扫浴室。如果周围很脏,应当打扫周围。如果院子很脏,应当打扫院子。如果门廊很脏,应当打扫门廊。如果浴室大厅很脏,应当打扫浴室大厅。
应当准备粉末,应当浸湿泥土,应当往水槽里倒水。进入浴室时,应当用泥土涂抹脸,前后遮盖好身体然后进入浴室。不应挤在长老比丘们旁边坐下。不应用座位排挤新学比丘。如果有能力,应当在浴室里为长老比丘们服务。离开浴室时,应当拿着浴室凳子,前后遮盖好身体然后离开浴室。如果有能力,也应当在水中为长老比丘们服务。不应在长老比丘们前面洗澡,不应在上游洗澡。洗完澡上岸时,应当给还在下水的人让路。最后离开浴室的人,如果浴室很泥泞,应当洗干净。应当洗好泥槽,收好浴室凳子,熄灭火,关好门,然后离开。比丘们,这就是比丘们应当如此恰当地在浴室行事的行为规范。"
厕所行为规范的故事

373. Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu brāhmaṇajātiko vaccaṃ katvā na icchati ācametuṃ – ko imaṃ vasalaṃ duggandhaṃ āmasissatīti [ācamissatīti (ka.)]. Tassa vaccamagge kimi saṇṭhāti. Atha kho so bhikkhu bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesi. ‘‘Kiṃ pana tvaṃ, āvuso, vaccaṃ katvā na ācamesī’’ti? ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhu vaccaṃ katvā na ācamessatī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, bhikkhu, vaccaṃ katvā na ācamesī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ bhagavā’’ti…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘na, bhikkhave, vaccaṃ katvā sati udake nācametabbaṃ. Yo nācameyya, āpatti dukkaṭassā’’ti.

Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū vaccakuṭiyā yathāvuḍḍhaṃ vaccaṃ karonti. Navakā bhikkhū paṭhamataraṃ āgantvā vaccitā āgamenti. Te vaccaṃ sandhārentā mucchitā papatanti. Bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… saccaṃ kira bhikkhave…pe… saccaṃ bhagavāti…pe… ‘‘na, bhikkhave, vaccakuṭiyā yathāvuḍḍhaṃ vacco kātabbo. Yo kareyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, āgatapaṭipāṭiyā vaccaṃ kātu’’nti.

Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū atisahasāpi vaccakuṭiṃ pavisanti, ubbhajitvāpi [ubbhujjitvāpi (sī.), ubbhujitvā (syā.)] pavisanti, nitthunantāpi vaccaṃ karonti , dantakaṭṭhaṃ khādantāpi vaccaṃ karonti, bahiddhāpi vaccadoṇikāya vaccaṃ karonti, bahiddhāpi passāvadoṇikāya passāvaṃ karonti, passāvadoṇikāyapi kheḷaṃ karonti, pharusenapi kaṭṭhena avalekhanti, avalekhanakaṭṭhampi vaccakūpamhi pātenti, atisahasāpi nikkhamanti, ubbhajitvāpi nikkhamanti, capucapukārakampi ācamenti, ācamanasarāvakepi udakaṃ sesenti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū atisahasāpi vaccakuṭiṃ pavisissanti, ubbhajitvāpi pavisissanti, nitthunantāpi vaccaṃ karissanti, dantakaṭṭhaṃ khādantāpi vaccaṃ karissanti, bahiddhāpi vaccadoṇikāya vaccaṃ karissanti, bahiddhāpi passāvadoṇikāya passāvaṃ karissanti, passāvadoṇikāyapi kheḷaṃ karissanti, pharusenapi kaṭṭhena avalekhissanti, avalekhanakaṭṭhampi vaccakūpamhi pātessanti, atisahasāpi nikkhamissanti, ubbhajitvāpi nikkhamissanti, capucapukārakampi ācamessanti, ācamanasarāvakepi udakaṃ sesessantī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave…pe… saccaṃ bhagavāti…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi –



那时,有一个出身婆罗门的比丘大便后不愿意洗净,想:"谁会碰这个臭气熏天的贱民东西?"他的肛门里生了虫子。于是那个比丘把这件事告诉比丘们。"朋友,你大便后不洗净吗?""是的,朋友。"那些少欲知足的比丘们...抱怨、批评、指责说:"比丘怎么大便后不洗净呢!"于是那些比丘们把这件事告诉了世尊..."比丘,据说你大便后不洗净,是真的吗?""是的,世尊。"...(世尊)呵责后...作了如法的开示,然后对比丘们说:"比丘们,大便后如果有水就不应不洗净。谁不洗净,犯突吉罗。"
那时,比丘们按资历大小顺序在厕所大便。新学比丘们先来,憋着大便等待。他们憋着大便晕倒了。(比丘们)把这件事告诉了世尊..."比丘们,据说...是真的吗?""是的,世尊。"..."比丘们,不应按资历大小顺序在厕所大便。谁这样做,犯突吉罗。比丘们,我允许按到达的先后顺序大便。"
那时,六群比丘太匆忙地进入厕所,掀起衣服进入,大声放屁地大便,嚼着牙签大便,在大便槽外大便,在小便槽外小便,在小便槽里吐痰,用粗糙的木棍擦拭,把擦拭用的木棍扔进厕所坑里,太匆忙地离开,掀起衣服离开,大声洗净,在洗净用的水罐里留下水。那些少欲知足的比丘们...抱怨、批评、指责说:"六群比丘怎么太匆忙地进入厕所,掀起衣服进入,大声放屁地大便,嚼着牙签大便,在大便槽外大便,在小便槽外小便,在小便槽里吐痰,用粗糙的木棍擦拭,把擦拭用的木棍扔进厕所坑里,太匆忙地离开,掀起衣服离开,大声洗净,在洗净用的水罐里留下水呢!"于是那些比丘们把这件事告诉了世尊..."比丘们,据说...是真的吗?""是的,世尊。"...(世尊)呵责后...作了如法的开示,然后对比丘们说:

374. ‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ vaccakuṭivattaṃ paññapessāmi yathā bhikkhūhi vaccakuṭiyā sammā vattitabbaṃ. Yo vaccakuṭiṃ gacchati tena bahi ṭhitena [bahi ṭhitena (sī. ka.)] ukkāsitabbaṃ. Anto nisinnenapi ukkāsitabbaṃ. Cīvaravaṃse vā cīvararajjuyā vā cīvaraṃ nikkhipitvā sādhukaṃ ataramānena vaccakuṭī pavisitabbā. Nātisahasā pavisitabbā. Na ubbhajitvā pavisitabbā. Vaccapādukāya ṭhitena ubbhajitabbaṃ. Na nitthunantena vacco kātabbo. Na dantakaṭṭhaṃ khādantena vacco kātabbo. Na bahiddhā vaccadoṇikāya vacco kātabbo. Na bahiddhā passāvadoṇikāya passāvo kātabbo. Na passāvadoṇikāya kheḷo kātabbo. Na pharusena kaṭṭhena avalekhitabbaṃ. Na avalekhanakaṭṭhaṃ vaccakūpamhi pātetabbaṃ. Vaccapādukāya ṭhitena paṭicchādetabbaṃ. Nātisahasā nikkhamitabbaṃ. Na ubbhajitvā nikkhamitabbaṃ. Ācamanapādukāya ṭhitena ubbhajitabbaṃ. Na capucapukārakaṃ ācametabbaṃ. Na ācamanasarāvake udakaṃ sesetabbaṃ. Ācamanapādukāya ṭhitena paṭicchādetabbaṃ.

‘‘Sace vaccakuṭi uhatā [ūhatā (sī. syā.)] hoti, dhovitabbā. Sace avalekhanapidharo pūro hoti, avalekhanakaṭṭhaṃ chaḍḍetabbaṃ. Sace vaccakuṭi uklāpā hoti, vaccakuṭi sammajjitabbā. Sace paribhaṇḍaṃ uklāpaṃ hoti, paribhaṇḍaṃ sammajjitabbaṃ. Sace pariveṇaṃ uklāpaṃ hoti, pariveṇaṃ sammajjitabbaṃ . Sace koṭṭhako uklāpo hoti, koṭṭhako sammajjitabbo. Sace ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṃ na hoti, ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṃ āsiñcitabbaṃ . Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ vaccakuṭivattaṃ yathā bhikkhūhi vaccakuṭiyā sammā vattitabba’’nti.

11. Upajjhāyavattakathā

375. Tena kho pana samayena saddhivihārikā upajjhāyesu na sammā vattanti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma saddhivihārikā upajjhāyesu na sammā vattissantī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, saddhivihārikā upajjhāyesu na sammā vattantī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ bhagavā’’ti vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… ‘‘kathañhi nāma, bhikkhave, saddhivihārikā upajjhāyesu na sammā vattissanti! Netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi –



"因此,比丘们,我将为比丘们制定厕所行为规范,比丘们应当如此恰当地在厕所行事。去厕所的人应当在外面站着咳嗽。里面坐着的人也应当咳嗽。应当把衣服挂在衣杆或衣绳上,从容不迫地进入厕所。不应太匆忙地进入。不应掀起衣服进入。站在厕所脚凳上时应当掀起衣服。不应大声放屁地大便。不应嚼着牙签大便。不应在大便槽外大便。不应在小便槽外小便。不应在小便槽里吐痰。不应用粗糙的木棍擦拭。不应把擦拭用的木棍扔进厕所坑里。站在厕所脚凳上时应当遮盖好。不应太匆忙地离开。不应掀起衣服离开。站在洗净用的脚凳上时应当掀起衣服。不应大声洗净。不应在洗净用的水罐里留下水。站在洗净用的脚凳上时应当遮盖好。
如果厕所很脏,应当洗干净。如果擦拭用的容器满了,应当倒掉擦拭用的木棍。如果厕所很脏,应当打扫厕所。如果周围很脏,应当打扫周围。如果院子很脏,应当打扫院子。如果门廊很脏,应当打扫门廊。如果洗净用的水罐里没有水,应当往洗净用的水罐里倒水。比丘们,这就是比丘们应当如此恰当地在厕所行事的行为规范。"
依止师行为规范的故事
那时,依止弟子们对依止师不恰当地行事。那些少欲知足的比丘们...抱怨、批评、指责说:"依止弟子们怎么对依止师不恰当地行事呢!"于是那些比丘们把这件事告诉了世尊..."比丘们,据说依止弟子们对依止师不恰当地行事,是真的吗?""是的,世尊。"佛陀世尊呵责说..."比丘们,依止弟子们怎么对依止师不恰当地行事呢!比丘们,这不能令不信者生信...(世尊)呵责后...作了如法的开示,然后对比丘们说:

376. ‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, saddhivihārikānaṃ upajjhāyesu vattaṃ paññapessāmi yathā saddhivihārikehi upajjhāyesu sammā vattitabbaṃ. [mahāva. 66] Saddhivihārikena, bhikkhave, upajjhāyamhi sammā vattitabbaṃ. Tatrāyaṃ sammāvattanā –

‘‘Kālasseva uṭṭhāya upāhanā omuñcitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā dantakaṭṭhaṃ dātabbaṃ, mukhodakaṃ dātabbaṃ, āsanaṃ paññapetabbaṃ. Sace yāgu hoti, bhājanaṃ dhovitvā yāgu upanāmetabbā. Yāguṃ pītassa udakaṃ datvā bhājanaṃ paṭiggahetvā nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena dhovitvā paṭisāmetabbaṃ. Upajjhāyamhi vuṭṭhite āsanaṃ uddharitabbaṃ. Sace so deso uklāpo hoti , so deso sammajjitabbo.

‘‘Sace upajjhāyo gāmaṃ pavisitukāmo hoti, nivāsanaṃ dātabbaṃ, paṭinivāsanaṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ, kāyabandhanaṃ dātabbaṃ, saguṇaṃ katvā saṅghāṭiyo dātabbā, dhovitvā patto sodako [saudako (ka.)] dātabbo. Sace upajjhāyo pacchāsamaṇaṃ ākaṅkhati, timaṇḍalaṃ paṭicchādentena parimaṇḍalaṃ nivāsetvā kāyabandhanaṃ bandhitvā saguṇaṃ katvā saṅghāṭiyo pārupitvā gaṇṭhikaṃ paṭimuñcitvā dhovitvā pattaṃ gahetvā upajjhāyassa pacchāsamaṇena hotabbaṃ. Nātidūre gantabbaṃ, nāccāsanne gantabbaṃ , pattapariyāpannaṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ. Na upajjhāyassa bhaṇamānassa antarantarā kathā opātetabbā. Upajjhāyo āpattisāmantā bhaṇamāno nivāretabbo.

‘‘Nivattantena paṭhamataraṃ āgantvā āsanaṃ paññapetabbaṃ, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ upanikkhipitabbaṃ, paccuggantvā pattacīvaraṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ, paṭinivāsanaṃ dātabbaṃ, nivāsanaṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ. Sace cīvaraṃ sinnaṃ hoti, muhuttaṃ uṇhe otāpetabbaṃ, na ca uṇhe cīvaraṃ nidahitabbaṃ. Cīvaraṃ saṅgharitabbaṃ. Cīvaraṃ saṅgharantena caturaṅgulaṃ kaṇṇaṃ ussāretvā cīvaraṃ saṅgharitabbaṃ – mā majjhe bhaṅgo ahosīti. Obhoge kāyabandhanaṃ kātabbaṃ.

‘‘Sace piṇḍapāto hoti, upajjhāyo ca bhuñjitukāmo hoti, udakaṃ datvā piṇḍapāto upanāmetabbo. Upajjhāyo pānīyena pucchitabbo. Bhuttāvissa udakaṃ datvā pattaṃ paṭiggahetvā nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena dhovitvā vodakaṃ katvā muhuttaṃ uṇhe otāpetabbo. Na ca uṇhe patto nidahitabbo. Pattacīvaraṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Pattaṃ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena pattaṃ gahetvā ekena hatthena heṭṭhāmañcaṃ vā heṭṭhāpīṭhaṃ vā parāmasitvā patto nikkhipitabbo. Na ca anantarahitāya bhūmiyā patto nikkhipitabbo. Cīvaraṃ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena cīvaraṃ gahetvā ekena hatthena cīvaravaṃsaṃ vā cīvararajjuṃ vā pamajjitvā pārato antaṃ orato bhogaṃ katvā cīvaraṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Upajjhāyamhi vuṭṭhite āsanaṃ uddharitabbaṃ, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ paṭisāmetabbaṃ. Sace so deso uklāpo hoti, so deso sammajjitabbo.

‘‘Sace upajjhāyo nahāyitukāmo hoti, nahānaṃ paṭiyādetabbaṃ. Sace sītena attho hoti, sītaṃ paṭiyādetabbaṃ. Sace uṇhena attho hoti, uṇhaṃ paṭiyādetabbaṃ.

‘‘Sace upajjhāyo jantāgharaṃ pavisitukāmo hoti, cuṇṇaṃ sannetabbaṃ, mattikā temetabbā, jantāgharapīṭhaṃ ādāya upajjhāyassa piṭṭhito piṭṭhito gantvā jantāgharapīṭhaṃ datvā cīvaraṃ paṭiggahetvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ, cuṇṇaṃ dātabbaṃ, mattikā dātabbā. Sace ussahati, jantāgharaṃ pavisitabbaṃ. Jantāgharaṃ pavisantena mattikāya mukhaṃ makkhetvā purato ca pacchato ca paṭicchādetvā jantāgharaṃ pavisitabbaṃ. Na there bhikkhū anupakhajja nisīditabbaṃ. Na navā bhikkhū āsanena paṭibāhitabbā. Jantāghare upajjhāyassa parikammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Jantāgharā nikkhamantena jantāgharapīṭhaṃ ādāya purato ca pacchato ca paṭicchādetvā jantāgharā nikkhamitabbaṃ.

‘‘Udakepi upajjhāyassa parikammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Nahātena paṭhamataraṃ uttaritvā attano gattaṃ vodakaṃ katvā nivāsetvā upajjhāyassa gattato udakaṃ pamajjitabbaṃ, nivāsanaṃ dātabbaṃ, saṅghāṭi dātabbā, jantāgharapīṭhaṃ ādāya paṭhamataraṃ āgantvā āsanaṃ paññapetabbaṃ, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ upanikkhipitabbaṃ. Upajjhāyo pānīyena pucchitabbo. Sace uddisāpetukāmo hoti, uddisitabbo. Sace paripucchitukāmo hoti, paripucchitabbo.


"因此,比丘们,我将为依止们制定对依止师的行为规范,依止们应当如此恰当地对依止师行事。比丘们,依止**应当对依止师恰当地行事。这是恰当的行事方式:
一大早起床,脱下鞋,把上衣搭在一肩,应当给依止师牙签,给洗脸水,准备座位。如果有粥,应当洗好容器端上粥。依止师喝完粥后,给水,接过容器,放低,小心地不刮擦地洗干净后收好。依止师起身后应当收起座位。如果那个地方很脏,应当打扫那个地方。
如果依止师想进村,应当给下衣,接过换下的衣服,给腰带,把大衣叠好给他,洗好钵带水给他。如果依止师想要随从沙门,应当遮盖三轮,整齐地穿好下衣,系好腰带,把大衣叠好披上,系好纽扣,洗好钵,拿着钵作为依止师的随从沙门。不应走得太远,不应走得太近,应当接过钵里装满的东西。不应在依止师说话时插嘴。依止师说到犯戒边缘时应当制止。
回来时应当先到,准备座位,放好洗脚水、脚凳、脚擦。应当迎接,接过钵和衣服,给换洗的衣服,接过穿过的衣服。如果衣服潮湿,应当在阳光下晒一会儿,但不要把衣服放在阳光下。应当叠好衣服。叠衣服时应当把边角提高四指叠好衣服 - 不要在中间折叠。应当把腰带放在褶边里。
如果有饭食,依止师想吃,应当给水,端上饭食。应当问依止师要不要饮料。吃完后给水,接过钵,放低,小心地不刮擦地洗干净,擦干,在阳光下晒一会儿,但不要把钵放在阳光下。应当收好钵和衣服。收钵时,应当一只手拿着钵,另一只手摸摸床下或椅子下,然后放下钵。不应把钵放在没有遮蔽的地面上。收衣服时,应当一只手拿着衣服,另一只手擦拭衣杆或衣绳,然后把衣服对折,褶边朝外放好。依止师起身后应当收起座位,收好洗脚水、脚凳、脚擦。如果那个地方很脏,应当打扫那个地方。
如果依止师想洗澡,应当准备洗澡用具。如果需要冷水,应当准备冷水。如果需要热水,应当准备热水。
如果依止师想进入浴室,应当准备粉末,浸湿泥土,拿着浴室凳子跟在依止师后面,给他浴室凳子,接过衣服放在一边,给粉末,给泥土。如果有能力,应当进入浴室。进入浴室时,应当用泥土涂抹脸,前后遮盖好身体然后进入浴室。不应挤在长老比丘们旁边坐下。不应用座位排挤新学比丘。应当在浴室里为依止师服务。离开浴室时,应当拿着浴室凳子,前后遮盖好身体然后离开浴室。
也应当在水中为依止师服务。洗完澡后应当先上岸,擦干自己的身体,穿好衣服,然后擦干依止师身上的水,给下衣,给大衣,拿着浴室凳子先回去,准备座位,放好洗脚水、脚凳、脚擦。应当问依止师要不要饮料。如果依止师想要诵经,应当诵经。如果依止师想要问法,应当回答。


‘‘Yasmiṃ vihāre upajjhāyo viharati, sace so vihāro uklāpo hoti, sace ussahati, sodhetabbo. Vihāraṃ sodhentena paṭhamaṃ pattacīvaraṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; nisīdanapaccattharaṇaṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; bhisibibbohanaṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; mañco nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena , asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṃ, nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbo; pīṭhaṃ nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṃ, nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; mañcapaṭipādakā nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbā; kheḷamallako nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbo; apassenaphalakaṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; bhūmattharaṇaṃ yathāpaññattaṃ sallakkhetvā nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Sace vihāre santānakaṃ hoti, ullokā paṭhamaṃ ohāretabbaṃ, ālokasandhikaṇṇabhāgā pamajjitabbā. Sace gerukaparikammakatā bhitti kaṇṇakitā hoti, coḷakaṃ temetvā pīḷetvā pamajjitabbā. Sace kāḷavaṇṇakatā bhūmi kaṇṇakitā hoti, coḷakaṃ temetvā pīḷetvā pamajjitabbā. Sace akatā hoti bhūmi, udakena paripphositvā pariphositvā sammajjitabbā – mā vihāro rajena uhaññīti. Saṅkāraṃ vicinitvā ekamantaṃ chaḍḍetabbaṃ.

‘‘Bhūmattharaṇaṃ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṃ paññapetabbaṃ. Mañcapaṭipādakā otāpetvā pamajjitvā atiharitvā yathāṭhāne ṭhapetabbā. Mañco otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṃ, atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṃ paññapetabbo. Pīṭhaṃ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṃ, atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṃ paññapetabbaṃ. Bhisibibbohanaṃ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṃ paññapetabbaṃ. Nisīdanapaccattharaṇaṃ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṃ paññapetabbaṃ. Kheḷamallako otāpetvā pamajjitvā atiharitvā yathāṭhāne ṭhapetabbo. Apassenaphalakaṃ otāpetvā pamajjitvā atiharitvā yathāṭhāne ṭhapetabbaṃ. Pattacīvaraṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Pattaṃ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena pattaṃ gahetvā ekena hatthena heṭṭhāmañcaṃ vā heṭṭhāpīṭhaṃ vā parāmasitvā patto nikkhipitabbo. Na ca anantarahitāya bhūmiyā patto nikkhipitabbo. Cīvaraṃ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena cīvaraṃ gahetvā ekena hatthena cīvaravaṃsaṃ vā cīvararajjuṃ vā pamajjitvā pārato antaṃ orato bhogaṃ katvā cīvaraṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ.

‘‘Sace puratthimā sarajā vātā vāyanti, puratthimā vātapānā thaketabbā. Sace pacchimā sarajā vātā vāyanti, pacchimā vātapānā thaketabbā. Sace uttarā sarajā vātā vāyanti, uttarā vātapānā thaketabbā. Sace dakkhiṇā sarajā vātā vāyanti, dakkhiṇā vātapānā thaketabbā. Sace sītakālo hoti, divā vātapānā vivaritabbā, rattiṃ thaketabbā. Sace uṇhakālo hoti, divā vātapānā thaketabbā, rattiṃ vivaritabbā.

‘‘Sace pariveṇaṃ uklāpaṃ hoti, pariveṇaṃ sammajjitabbaṃ. Sace koṭṭhako uklāpo hoti, koṭṭhako sammajjitabbo. Sace upaṭṭhānasālā uklāpā hoti, upaṭṭhānasālā sammajjitabbā. Sace aggisālā uklāpā hoti, aggisālā sammajjitabbā. Sace vaccakuṭi uklāpā hoti, vaccakuṭi sammajjitabbā. Sace pānīyaṃ na hoti, pānīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpetabbaṃ. Sace paribhojanīyaṃ na hoti, paribhojanīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpetabbaṃ. Sace ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṃ na hoti, ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṃ āsiñcitabbaṃ.


"依止师住的精舍,如果很脏,如果有能力,应当清洁。清洁精舍时,首先应当把钵和衣服拿出来放在一边;把坐具和卧具拿出来放在一边;把床垫和枕头拿出来放在一边;把床架放低,小心地不刮擦、不碰撞门框,拿出来放在一边;把椅子放低,小心地不刮擦、不碰撞门框,拿出来放在一边;把床脚拿出来放在一边;把痰盂拿出来放在一边;把靠背板拿出来放在一边;记住地毯的位置,拿出来放在一边。如果精舍里有蜘蛛网,应当先从天花板上清除,擦拭窗户周围和角落。如果涂了赭石的墙壁有污迹,应当用湿布拧干后擦拭。如果染黑的地面有污迹,应当用湿布拧干后擦拭。如果地面没有处理过,应当洒水后扫地 - 不要让精舍被尘土弄脏。把垃圾收集起来倒在一边。
应当把地毯拿到外面晒干、清洁、拍打,然后搬回原处铺好。应当把床脚拿到外面晒干、擦拭,然后搬回原处放好。应当把床架拿到外面晒干、清洁、拍打,然后放低,小心地不刮擦、不碰撞门框,搬回原处摆好。应当把椅子拿到外面晒干、清洁、拍打,然后放低,小心地不刮擦、不碰撞门框,搬回原处摆好。应当把床垫和枕头拿到外面晒干、清洁、拍打,然后搬回原处铺好。应当把坐具和卧具拿到外面晒干、清洁、拍打,然后搬回原处铺好。应当把痰盂拿到外面晒干、擦拭,然后搬回原处放好。应当把靠背板拿到外面晒干、擦拭,然后搬回原处放好。应当放好钵和衣服。放钵时,应当一只手拿着钵,另一只手摸摸床下或椅子下,然后放下钵。不应把钵放在没有遮蔽的地面上。放衣服时,应当一只手拿着衣服,另一只手擦拭衣杆或衣绳,然后把衣服对折,褶边朝外放好。
如果东风带尘吹来,应当关闭东面的窗户。如果西风带尘吹来,应当关闭西面的窗户。如果北风带尘吹来,应当关闭北面的窗户。如果南风带尘吹来,应当关闭南面的窗户。如果天气寒冷,白天应当打开窗户,晚上应当关闭。如果天气炎热,白天应当关闭窗户,晚上应当打开。
如果院子很脏,应当打扫院子。如果门廊很脏,应当打扫门廊。如果集会堂很脏,应当打扫集会堂。如果火房很脏,应当打扫火房。如果厕所很脏,应当打扫厕所。如果没有饮用水,应当准备饮用水。如果没有洗脚水,应当准备洗脚水。如果洗手水罐里没有水,应当往洗手水罐里倒水。


‘‘Sace upajjhāyassa anabhirati uppannā hoti, saddhivihārikena vūpakāsetabbo, vūpakāsāpetabbo, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. Sace upajjhāyassa kukkuccaṃ uppannaṃ hoti, saddhivihārikena vinodetabbaṃ, vinodāpetabbaṃ, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. Sace upajjhāyassa diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ hoti, saddhivihārikena vivecetabbaṃ, vivecāpetabbaṃ, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. Sace upajjhāyo garudhammaṃ ajjhāpanno hoti parivāsāraho, saddhivihārikena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho upajjhāyassa parivāsaṃ dadeyyāti. Sace upajjhāyo mūlāyapaṭikassanāraho hoti, saddhivihārikena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho upajjhāyaṃ mūlāya paṭikasseyyāti. Sace upajjhāyo mānattāraho hoti, saddhivihārikena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho upajjhāyassa mānattaṃ dadeyyāti. Sace upajjhāyo abbhānāraho hoti, saddhivihārikena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho upajjhāyaṃ abbheyyāti. Sace saṅgho upajjhāyassa kammaṃ kattukāmo hoti, tajjanīyaṃ vā niyassaṃ vā pabbājanīyaṃ vā paṭisāraṇīyaṃ vā ukkhepanīyaṃ vā, saddhivihārikena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho upajjhāyassa kammaṃ na kareyya, lahukāya vā pariṇāmeyyāti. Kataṃ vā panassa hoti saṅghena kammaṃ, tajjanīyaṃ vā niyassaṃ vā pabbājanīyaṃ vā paṭisāraṇīyaṃ vā ukkhepanīyaṃ vā, saddhivihārikena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho upajjhāyo sammā vatteyya, lomaṃ pāteyya, netthāraṃ vatteyya, saṅgho taṃ kammaṃ paṭippassambheyyāti.

‘‘Sace upajjhāyassa cīvaraṃ dhovitabbaṃ hoti , saddhivihārikena dhovitabbaṃ, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho upajjhāyassa cīvaraṃ dhoviyethāti. Sace upajjhāyassa cīvaraṃ kātabbaṃ hoti, saddhivihārikena kātabbaṃ, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho upajjhāyassa cīvaraṃ kariyethāti. Sace upajjhāyassa rajanā pacitabbā hoti, saddhivihārikena pacitabbā, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho upajjhāyassa rajanaṃ paciyethāti. Sace upajjhāyassa cīvaraṃ rajitabbaṃ [rajetabbaṃ (syā.)] hoti, saddhivihārikena rajitabbaṃ, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho upajjhāyassa cīvaraṃ rajiyethāti. Cīvaraṃ rajantena [rajentena (syā.)] sādhukaṃ samparivattakaṃ samparivattakaṃ rajitabbaṃ, na ca acchinne theve pakkamitabbaṃ.

‘‘Na upajjhāyaṃ anāpucchā ekaccassa patto dātabbo, na ekaccassa patto paṭiggahetabbo; na ekaccassa cīvaraṃ dātabbaṃ, na ekaccassa cīvaraṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ; na ekaccassa parikkhāro dātabbo, na ekaccassa parikkhāro paṭiggahetabbo; na ekaccassa kesā chedetabbā [chettabbā (sī.), cheditabbā (ka.)], na ekaccena kesā chedāpetabbā; na ekaccassa parikammaṃ kātabbaṃ, na ekaccena parikammaṃ kārāpetabbaṃ; na ekaccassa veyyāvacco [veyyāvaccaṃ (ka.)] kātabbo, na ekaccena veyyāvacco kārāpetabbo; na ekaccassa pacchāsamaṇena hotabbaṃ, na ekacco pacchāsamaṇo ādātabbo; na ekaccassa piṇḍapāto nīharitabbo, na ekaccena piṇḍapāto nīharāpetabbo; na upajjhāyaṃ anāpucchā gāmo pavisitabbo; na susānaṃ gantabbaṃ; na disā pakkamitabbā. Sace upajjhāyo gilāno hoti, yāvajīvaṃ upaṭṭhātabbo , vuṭṭhānamassa āgametabbaṃ. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, saddhivihārikānaṃ upajjhāyesu vattaṃ yathā saddhivihārikehi upajjhāyesu sammā vattitabba’’nti.

12. Saddhivihārikavattakathā

377. Tena kho pana samayena upajjhāyā saddhivihārikesu na sammā vattanti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma upajjhāyā saddhivihārikesu na sammā vattissantī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, upajjhāyā saddhivihārikesu na sammā vattantī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ bhagavā’’ti…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi –



"如果依止师产生不满,依止应当使他远离,使他被远离,或者为他说法。如果依止师产生疑虑,依止应当消除,使他被消除,或者为他说法。如果依止师产生邪见,依止应当使他远离,使他被远离,或者为他说法。如果依止师犯了重罪需要别住,依止应当努力 - '僧团怎样才能给依止师别住呢?'如果依止师应当被罚回初学阶段,依止应当努力 - '僧团怎样才能罚依止师回初学阶段呢?'如果依止师应当摩那埵,依止应当努力 - '僧团怎样才能给依止师摩那埵呢?'如果依止师应当出罪,依止应当努力 - '僧团怎样才能让依止师出罪呢?'如果僧团想对依止师作羯磨,或呵责羯磨,或依止羯磨,或驱出羯磨,或下意羯磨,或举罪羯磨,依止应当努力 - '僧团怎样才能不对依止师作羯磨,或者减轻羯磨呢?'如果僧团已经对他作了羯磨,或呵责羯磨,或依止羯磨,或驱出羯磨,或下意羯磨,或举罪羯磨,依止**应当努力 - '依止师怎样才能正确行事,谦卑行事,改正行为,僧团怎样才能取消那个羯磨呢?'
如果依止师的衣服需要洗,依止应当洗,或者努力 - '怎样才能洗依止师的衣服呢?'如果依止师的衣服需要做,依止应当做,或者努力 - '怎样才能做依止师的衣服呢?'如果依止师的染料需要煮,依止应当煮,或者努力 - '怎样才能煮依止师的染料呢?'如果依止师的衣服需要染,依止应当染,或者努力 - '怎样才能染依止师的衣服呢?'染衣服时应当仔细地反复染,不应在染料还在滴时就离开。
不应未经依止师允许就把钵给某人,不应接受某人的钵;不应把衣服给某人,不应接受某人的衣服;不应把用具给某人,不应接受某人的用具;不应为某人剪头发,不应让某人为自己剪头发;不应为某人服务,不应让某人为自己服务;不应为某人做侍者,不应让某人做自己的侍者;不应为某人拿饭食,不应让某人为自己拿饭食;不应未经依止师允许就进村;不应去墓地;不应离开这个地方。如果依止师生病,应当终生照顾,等他康复。比丘们,这就是依止**们应当如此恰当地对依止师行事的行为规范。"
依止**行为规范的故事
那时,依止师们对依止们不恰当地行事。那些少欲知足的比丘们...抱怨、批评、指责说:"依止师们怎么对依止们不恰当地行事呢!"于是那些比丘们把这件事告诉了世尊..."比丘们,据说依止师们对依止**们不恰当地行事,是真的吗?""是的,世尊。"...(世尊)呵责后...作了如法的开示,然后对比丘们说:

378. ‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, upajjhāyānaṃ saddhivihārikesu vattaṃ paññapessāmi yathā upajjhāyehi saddhivihārikesu sammā vattitabbaṃ. [mahāva. 67] Upajjhāyena, bhikkhave, saddhivihārikamhi sammā vattitabbaṃ . Tatrāyaṃ sammāvattanā –

‘‘Upajjhāyena, bhikkhave, saddhivihāriko saṅgahetabbo anuggahetabbo uddesena paripucchāya ovādena anusāsaniyā. Sace upajjhāyassa patto hoti, saddhivihārikassa patto na hoti, upajjhāyena saddhivihārikassa patto dātabbo, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saddhivihārikassa patto uppajjiyethāti. Sace upajjhāyassa cīvaraṃ hoti, saddhivihārikassa cīvaraṃ na hoti, upajjhāyena saddhivihārikassa cīvaraṃ dātabbaṃ, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saddhivihārikassa cīvaraṃ uppajjiyethāti. Sace upajjhāyassa parikkhāro hoti, saddhivihārikassa parikkhāro na hoti, upajjhāyena saddhivihārikassa parikkhāro dātabbo, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saddhivihārikassa parikkhāro uppajjiyethāti.

‘‘Sace saddhivihāriko gilāno hoti, kālasseva uṭṭhāya dantakaṭṭhaṃ dātabbaṃ, mukhodakaṃ dātabbaṃ, āsanaṃ paññapetabbaṃ. Sace yāgu hoti, bhājanaṃ dhovitvā yāgu upanāmetabbā. Yāguṃ pītassa udakaṃ datvā bhājanaṃ paṭiggahetvā nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena dhovitvā paṭisāmetabbaṃ. Saddhivihārikamhi vuṭṭhite āsanaṃ uddharitabbaṃ. Sace so deso uklāpo hoti, so deso sammajjitabbo.

‘‘Sace saddhivihāriko gāmaṃ pavisitukāmo hoti, nivāsanaṃ dātabbaṃ, paṭinivāsanaṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ , kāyabandhanaṃ dātabbaṃ, saguṇaṃ katvā saṅghāṭiyo dātabbā , dhovitvā patto sodako dātabbo.

‘‘Ettāvatā nivattissatīti āsanaṃ paññapetabbaṃ, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ upanikkhipitabbaṃ, paccuggantvā pattacīvaraṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ, paṭinivāsanaṃ dātabbaṃ, nivāsanaṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ. Sace cīvaraṃ sinnaṃ hoti, muhuttaṃ uṇhe otāpetabbaṃ, na ca uṇhe cīvaraṃ nidahitabbaṃ. Cīvaraṃ saṅgharitabbaṃ. Cīvaraṃ saṅgharantena caturaṅgulaṃ kaṇṇaṃ ussāretvā cīvaraṃ saṅgharitabbaṃ – mā majjhe bhaṅgo ahosīti. Obhoge kāyabandhanaṃ kātabbaṃ.

‘‘Sace piṇḍapāto hoti, saddhivihāriko ca bhuñjitukāmo hoti, udakaṃ datvā piṇḍapāto upanāmetabbo. Saddhivihāriko pānīyena pucchitabbo. Bhuttāvissa udakaṃ datvā pattaṃ paṭiggahetvā nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena dhovitvā vodakaṃ katvā muhuttaṃ uṇhe otāpetabbo, na ca uṇhe patto nidahitabbo. Pattacīvaraṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Pattaṃ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena pattaṃ gahetvā ekena hatthena heṭṭhāmañcaṃ vā heṭṭhāpīṭhaṃ vā parāmasitvā patto nikkhipitabbo. Na ca anantarahitāya bhūmiyā patto nikkhipitabbo. Cīvaraṃ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena cīvaraṃ gahetvā ekena hatthena cīvaravaṃsaṃ vā cīvararajjuṃ vā pamajjitvā pārato antaṃ orato bhogaṃ katvā cīvaraṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Saddhivihārikamhi vuṭṭhite āsanaṃ uddharitabbaṃ, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ paṭisāmetabbaṃ. Sace so deso uklāpo hoti, so deso sammajjitabbo .

‘‘Sace saddhivihāriko nahāyitukāmo hoti, nahānaṃ paṭiyādetabbaṃ. Sace sītena attho hoti, sītaṃ paṭiyādetabbaṃ. Sace uṇhena attho hoti, uṇhaṃ paṭiyādetabbaṃ.

‘‘Sace saddhivihāriko jantāgharaṃ pavisitukāmo hoti, cuṇṇaṃ sannetabbaṃ, mattikā temetabbā, jantāgharapīṭhaṃ ādāya [ādāya saddhivihārikassa piṭṭhito piṭṭhito (ka.)] gantvā jantāgharapīṭhaṃ datvā cīvaraṃ paṭiggahetvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ, cuṇṇaṃ dātabbaṃ, mattikā dātabbā. Sace ussahati jantāgharaṃ pavisitabbaṃ. Jantāgharaṃ pavisantena mattikāya mukhaṃ makkhetvā purato ca pacchato ca paṭicchādetvā jantāgharaṃ pavisitabbaṃ. Na there bhikkhū anupakhajja nisīditabbaṃ, na navā bhikkhū āsanena paṭibāhitabbā. Jantāghare saddhivihārikassa parikammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Jantāgharā nikkhamantena jantāgharapīṭhaṃ ādāya purato ca pacchato ca paṭicchādetvā jantāgharā nikkhamitabbaṃ.


"因此,比丘们,我将为依止师们制定对依止的行为规范,依止师们应当如此恰当地对依止行事。比丘们,依止师应当对依止**恰当地行事。这是恰当的行事方式:
比丘们,依止师应当通过教导、询问、劝告、指导来关爱、支持依止**。如果依止师有钵而依止没有钵,依止师应当把钵给依止,或者努力 - '怎样才能让依止得到钵呢?'如果依止师有衣服而依止没有衣服,依止师应当把衣服给依止**,或者努力 - '怎样才能让依止得到衣服呢?'如果依止师有用具而依止没有用具,依止师应当把用具给依止**,或者努力 - '怎样才能让依止**得到用具呢?'
如果依止生病,应当一大早起床给牙签,给洗脸水,准备座位。如果有粥,应当洗好容器端上粥。依止喝完粥后,给水,接过容器,放低,小心地不刮擦地洗干净后收好。依止**起身后应当收起座位。如果那个地方很脏,应当打扫那个地方。
如果依止**想进村,应当给下衣,接过换下的衣服,给腰带,把大衣叠好给他,洗好钵带水给他。
应当准备座位想着'他会在这时候回来',放好洗脚水、脚凳、脚擦。应当迎接,接过钵和衣服,给换洗的衣服,接过穿过的衣服。如果衣服潮湿,应当在阳光下晒一会儿,但不要把衣服放在阳光下。应当叠好衣服。叠衣服时应当把边角提高四指叠好衣服 - 不要在中间折叠。应当把腰带放在褶边里。
如果有饭食,依止想吃,应当给水,端上饭食。应当问依止要不要饮料。吃完后给水,接过钵,放低,小心地不刮擦地洗干净,擦干,在阳光下晒一会儿,但不要把钵放在阳光下。应当收好钵和衣服。收钵时,应当一只手拿着钵,另一只手摸摸床下或椅子下,然后放下钵。不应把钵放在没有遮蔽的地面上。收衣服时,应当一只手拿着衣服,另一只手擦拭衣杆或衣绳,然后把衣服对折,褶边朝外放好。依止**起身后应当收起座位,收好洗脚水、脚凳、脚擦。如果那个地方很脏,应当打扫那个地方。
如果依止**想洗澡,应当准备洗澡用具。如果需要冷水,应当准备冷水。如果需要热水,应当准备热水。
如果依止想进入浴室,应当准备粉末,浸湿泥土,拿着浴室凳子跟着去,给他浴室凳子,接过衣服放在一边,给粉末,给泥土。如果有能力应当进入浴室。进入浴室时,应当用泥土涂抹脸,前后遮盖好身体然后进入浴室。不应挤在长老比丘们旁边坐下,不应用座位排挤新学比丘。应当在浴室里为依止服务。离开浴室时,应当拿着浴室凳子,前后遮盖好身体然后离开浴室。


‘‘Udakepi saddhivihārikassa parikammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Nahātena paṭhamataraṃ uttaritvā attano gattaṃ vodakaṃ katvā nivāsetvā saddhivihārikassa gattato udakaṃ pamajjitabbaṃ, nivāsanaṃ dātabbaṃ, saṅghāṭi dātabbā, jantāgharapīṭhaṃ ādāya paṭhamataraṃ āgantvā āsanaṃ paññapetabbaṃ, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ upanikkhipitabbaṃ. Saddhivihāriko pānīyena pucchitabbo.

‘‘Yasmiṃ vihāre saddhivihāriko viharati, sace so vihāro uklāpo hoti, sace ussahati, sodhetabbo. Vihāraṃ sodhentena paṭhamaṃ pattacīvaraṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ…pe… sace ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṃ na hoti, ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṃ āsiñcitabbaṃ.

‘‘Sace saddhivihārikassa anabhirati uppannā hoti, upajjhāyena vūpakāsetabbo, vūpakāsāpetabbo, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. Sace saddhivihārikassa kukkuccaṃ uppannaṃ hoti, upajjhāyena vinodetabbaṃ, vinodāpetabbaṃ, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. Sace saddhivihārikassa diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ hoti, upajjhāyena vivecetabbaṃ, vivecāpetabbaṃ, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. Sace saddhivihāriko garudhammaṃ ajjhāpanno hoti parivāsāraho, upajjhāyena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho saddhivihārikassa parivāsaṃ dadeyyāti. Sace saddhivihāriko mūlāyapaṭikassanāraho hoti, upajjhāyena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho saddhivihārikaṃ mūlāya paṭikasseyyāti. Sace saddhivihāriko mānattāraho hoti, upajjhāyena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho saddhivihārikassa mānattaṃ dadeyyāti. Sace saddhivihāriko abbhānāraho hoti, upajjhāyena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho saddhivihārikaṃ abbheyyāti. Sace saṅgho saddhivihārikassa kammaṃ kattukāmo hoti, tajjanīyaṃ vā niyassaṃ vā pabbājanīyaṃ vā paṭisāraṇīyaṃ vā ukkhepanīyaṃ vā, upajjhāyena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho saddhivihārikassa kammaṃ na kareyya, lahukāya vā pariṇāmeyyāti. Kataṃ vā panassa hoti saṅghena kammaṃ, tajjanīyaṃ vā niyassaṃ vā pabbājanīyaṃ vā paṭisāraṇīyaṃ vā, ukkhepanīyaṃ vā, upajjhāyena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saddhivihāriko sammā vatteyya lomaṃ pāteyya, netthāraṃ vatteyya, saṅgho taṃ kammaṃ paṭippassambheyyāti.

‘‘Sace saddhivihārikassa cīvaraṃ dhovitabbaṃ hoti, upajjhāyena ācikkhitabbaṃ – evaṃ dhoveyyāsīti, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saddhivihārikassa cīvaraṃ dhoviyethāti. Sace saddhivihārikassa cīvaraṃ kātabbaṃ hoti, upajjhāyena ācikkhitabbaṃ – evaṃ kareyyāsīti, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saddhivihārikassa cīvaraṃ kariyethāti. Sace saddhivihārikassa rajanaṃ pacitabbaṃ hoti, upajjhāyena ācikkhitabbaṃ – evaṃ paceyyāsīti, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saddhivihārikassa rajanaṃ paciyethāti. Sace saddhivihārikassa cīvaraṃ rajitabbaṃ hoti, upajjhāyena ācikkhitabbaṃ – evaṃ rajeyyāsīti, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saddhivihārikassa cīvaraṃ rajiyethāti. Cīvaraṃ rajantena sādhukaṃ samparivattakaṃ samparivattakaṃ rajitabbaṃ, na ca acchinne theve pakkamitabbaṃ. Sace saddhivihāriko gilāno hoti, yāvajīvaṃ upaṭṭhātabbo, vuṭṭhānamassa āgametabbaṃ. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave , upajjhāyānaṃ saddhivihārikesu vattaṃ yathā upajjhāyehi saddhivihārikesu sammā vattitabba’’nti.

Dutiyabhāṇavāro niṭṭhito.

13. Ācariyavattakathā

379. Tena kho pana samayena antevāsikā ācariyesu na sammā vattanti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma antevāsikā ācariyesu na sammā vattissantī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, antevāsikā ācariyesu na sammā vattantī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ bhagavā’’ti…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi –



"在水中也应当为依止服务。洗完澡后应当先上岸,擦干自己的身体,穿好衣服,然后擦干依止身上的水,给下衣,给大衣,拿着浴室凳子先回去,准备座位,放好洗脚水、脚凳、脚擦。应当问依止**要不要饮料。
依止**住的精舍,如果很脏,如果有能力,应当清洁。清洁精舍时,首先应当把钵和衣服拿出来放在一边...如果洗手水罐里没有水,应当往洗手水罐里倒水。
如果依止产生不满,依止师应当使他远离,使他被远离,或者为他说法。如果依止产生疑虑,依止师应当消除,使他被消除,或者为他说法。如果依止产生邪见,依止师应当使他远离,使他被远离,或者为他说法。如果依止犯了重罪需要别住,依止师应当努力 - '僧团怎样才能给依止别住呢?'如果依止应当被罚回初学阶段,依止师应当努力 - '僧团怎样才能罚依止回初学阶段呢?'如果依止应当摩那埵,依止师应当努力 - '僧团怎样才能给依止摩那埵呢?'如果依止应当出罪,依止师应当努力 - '僧团怎样才能让依止出罪呢?'如果僧团想对依止作羯磨,或呵责羯磨,或依止羯磨,或驱出羯磨,或下意羯磨,或举罪羯磨,依止师应当努力 - '僧团怎样才能不对依止作羯磨,或者减轻羯磨呢?'如果僧团已经对他作了羯磨,或呵责羯磨,或依止羯磨,或驱出羯磨,或下意羯磨,或举罪羯磨,依止师应当努力 - '依止怎样才能正确行事,谦卑行事,改正行为,僧团怎样才能取消那个羯磨呢?'
如果依止的衣服需要洗,依止师应当指导:'你应该这样洗',或者努力 - '怎样才能洗依止的衣服呢?'如果依止的衣服需要做,依止师应当指导:'你应该这样做',或者努力 - '怎样才能做依止的衣服呢?'如果依止的染料需要煮,依止师应当指导:'你应该这样煮',或者努力 - '怎样才能煮依止的染料呢?'如果依止的衣服需要染,依止师应当指导:'你应该这样染',或者努力 - '怎样才能染依止的衣服呢?'染衣服时应当仔细地反复染,不应在染料还在滴时就离开。如果依止生病,应当终生照顾,等他康复。比丘们,这就是依止师们应当如此恰当地对依止行事的行为规范。"
第二诵分结束。
阿阇梨行为规范的故事
那时,弟子们对阿阇梨不恰当地行事。那些少欲知足的比丘们...抱怨、批评、指责说:"弟子们怎么对阿阇梨不恰当地行事呢!"于是那些比丘们把这件事告诉了世尊..."比丘们,据说弟子们对阿阇梨不恰当地行事,是真的吗?""是的,世尊。"...(世尊)呵责后...作了如法的开示,然后对比丘们说:

380. ‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, antevāsikānaṃ ācariyesu vattaṃ paññapessāmi yathā antevāsikehi ācariyesu sammā vattitabbaṃ. [mahāva. 78] Antevāsikena, bhikkhave, ācariyamhi sammā vattitabbaṃ. Tatrāyaṃ sammāvattanā –

‘‘Kālasseva uṭṭhāya upāhanā omuñcitvā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā dantakaṭṭhaṃ dātabbaṃ, mukhodakaṃ dātabbaṃ, āsanaṃ paññapetabbaṃ. Sace yāgu hoti, bhājanaṃ dhovitvā yāgu upanāmetabbā. Yāguṃ pītassa udakaṃ datvā bhājanaṃ paṭiggahetvā nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena dhovitvā paṭisāmetabbaṃ. Ācariyamhi vuṭṭhite āsanaṃ uddharitabbaṃ. Sace so deso uklāpo hoti, so deso sammajjitabbo.

‘‘Sace ācariyo gāmaṃ pavisitukāmo hoti, nivāsanaṃ dātabbaṃ, paṭinivāsanaṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ, kāyabandhanaṃ dātabbaṃ, saguṇaṃ katvā saṅghāṭiyo dātabbā, dhovitvā patto sodako dātabbo. Sace ācariyo pacchāsamaṇaṃ ākaṅkhati, timaṇḍalaṃ paṭicchādentena parimaṇḍalaṃ nivāsetvā kāyabandhanaṃ bandhitvā saguṇaṃ katvā saṅghāṭiyo pārupitvā gaṇṭhikaṃ paṭimuñcitvā dhovitvā pattaṃ gahetvā ācariyassa pacchāsamaṇena hotabbaṃ. Nātidūre gantabbaṃ, nāccāsanne gantabbaṃ, pattapariyāpannaṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ. Na ācariyassa bhaṇamānassa antarantarā kathā opātetabbā. Ācariyo āpattisāmantā bhaṇamāno nivāretabbo.

‘‘Nivattantena paṭhamataraṃ āgantvā āsanaṃ paññapetabbaṃ, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ upanikkhipitabbaṃ, paccuggantvā pattacīvaraṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ, paṭinivāsanaṃ dātabbaṃ, nivāsanaṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ. Sace cīvaraṃ sinnaṃ hoti, muhuttaṃ uṇhe otāpetabbaṃ, na ca uṇhe cīvaraṃ nidahitabbaṃ. Cīvaraṃ saṅgharitabbaṃ. Cīvaraṃ saṅgharantena caturaṅgulaṃ kaṇṇaṃ ussāretvā cīvaraṃ saṅgharitabbaṃ – mā majjhe bhaṅgo ahosīti. Obhoge kāyabandhanaṃ kātabbaṃ.

‘‘Sace piṇḍapāto hoti, ācariyo ca bhuñjitukāmo hoti, udakaṃ datvā piṇḍapāto upanāmetabbo. Ācariyo pānīyena pucchitabbo . Bhuttāvissa udakaṃ datvā pattaṃ paṭiggahetvā nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena dhovitvā vodakaṃ katvā muhuttaṃ uṇhe otāpetabbo, na ca uṇhe patto nidahitabbo. Pattacīvaraṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Pattaṃ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena pattaṃ gahetvā ekena hatthena heṭṭhāmañcaṃ vā heṭṭhāpīṭhaṃ vā parāmasitvā patto nikkhipitabbo. Na ca anantarahitāya bhūmiyā patto nikkhipitabbo. Cīvaraṃ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena cīvaraṃ gahetvā ekena hatthena cīvaravaṃsaṃ vā cīvararajjuṃ vā pamajitvā pārato antaṃ orato bhogaṃ katvā cīvaraṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Ācariyamhi vuṭṭhite āsanaṃ uddharitabbaṃ, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ paṭisāmetabbaṃ. Sace so deso uklāpo hoti, so deso sammajjitabbo.

‘‘Sace ācariyo nahāyitukāmo hoti, nahānaṃ paṭiyādetabbaṃ. Sace sītena attho hoti, sītaṃ paṭiyādetabbaṃ. Sace uṇhena attho hoti, uṇhaṃ paṭiyādetabbaṃ.

‘‘Sace ācariyo jantāgharaṃ pavisitukāmo hoti, cuṇṇaṃ sannetabbaṃ, mattikā temetabbā, jantāgharapīṭhaṃ ādāya ācariyassa piṭṭhito piṭṭhito gantvā jantāgharapīṭhaṃ datvā cīvaraṃ paṭiggahetvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ, cuṇṇaṃ dātabbaṃ, mattikā dātabbā. Sace ussahati, jantāgharaṃ pavisitabbaṃ. Jantāgharaṃ pavisantena mattikāya mukhaṃ makkhetvā purato ca pacchato ca paṭicchādetvā jantāgharaṃ pavisitabbaṃ. Na there bhikkhū anupakhajja nisīditabbaṃ. Na navā bhikkhū āsanena paṭibāhitabbā. Jantāghare ācariyassa parikammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Jantāgharā nikkhamantena jantāgharapīṭhaṃ ādāya purato ca pacchato ca paṭicchādetvā jantāgharā nikkhamitabbaṃ.

‘‘Udakepi ācariyassa parikammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Nahātena paṭhamataraṃ uttaritvā attano gattaṃ vodakaṃ katvā nivāsetvā ācariyassa gattato udakaṃ pamajjitabbaṃ, nivāsanaṃ dātabbaṃ, saṅghāṭi dātabbā, jantāgharapīṭhaṃ ādāya paṭhamataraṃ āgantvā āsanaṃ paññapetabbaṃ, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ upanikkhipitabbaṃ. Ācariyo pānīyena pucchitabbo. Sace uddisāpetukāmo hoti, uddisitabbo. Sace paripucchitukāmo hoti, paripucchitabbo.


"因此,比丘们,我将为**们制定对阿阇梨的行为规范,**们应当如此恰当地对阿阇梨行事。比丘们,**应当对阿阇梨恰当地行事。这是恰当的行事方式:
一大早起床,脱下鞋,把上衣搭在一肩,应当给阿阇梨牙签,给洗脸水,准备座位。如果有粥,应当洗好容器端上粥。阿阇梨喝完粥后,给水,接过容器,放低,小心地不刮擦地洗干净后收好。阿阇梨起身后应当收起座位。如果那个地方很脏,应当打扫那个地方。
如果阿阇梨想进村,应当给下衣,接过换下的衣服,给腰带,把大衣叠好给他,洗好钵带水给他。如果阿阇梨想要随从沙门,应当遮盖三轮,整齐地穿好下衣,系好腰带,把大衣叠好披上,系好纽扣,洗好钵,拿着钵作为阿阇梨的随从沙门。不应走得太远,不应走得太近,应当接过钵里装满的东西。不应在阿阇梨说话时插嘴。阿阇梨说到犯戒边缘时应当制止。
回来时应当先到,准备座位,放好洗脚水、脚凳、脚擦。应当迎接,接过钵和衣服,给换洗的衣服,接过穿过的衣服。如果衣服潮湿,应当在阳光下晒一会儿,但不要把衣服放在阳光下。应当叠好衣服。叠衣服时应当把边角提高四指叠好衣服 - 不要在中间折叠。应当把腰带放在褶边里。
如果有饭食,阿阇梨想吃,应当给水,端上饭食。应当问阿阇梨要不要饮料。吃完后给水,接过钵,放低,小心地不刮擦地洗干净,擦干,在阳光下晒一会儿,但不要把钵放在阳光下。应当收好钵和衣服。收钵时,应当一只手拿着钵,另一只手摸摸床下或椅子下,然后放下钵。不应把钵放在没有遮蔽的地面上。收衣服时,应当一只手拿着衣服,另一只手擦拭衣杆或衣绳,然后把衣服对折,褶边朝外放好。阿阇梨起身后应当收起座位,收好洗脚水、脚凳、脚擦。如果那个地方很脏,应当打扫那个地方。
如果阿阇梨想洗澡,应当准备洗澡用具。如果需要冷水,应当准备冷水。如果需要热水,应当准备热水。
如果阿阇梨想进入浴室,应当准备粉末,浸湿泥土,拿着浴室凳子跟在阿阇梨后面,给他浴室凳子,接过衣服放在一边,给粉末,给泥土。如果有能力,应当进入浴室。进入浴室时,应当用泥土涂抹脸,前后遮盖好身体然后进入浴室。不应挤在长老比丘们旁边坐下。不应用座位排挤新学比丘。应当在浴室里为阿阇梨服务。离开浴室时,应当拿着浴室凳子,前后遮盖好身体然后离开浴室。
在水中也应当为阿阇梨服务。洗完澡后应当先上岸,擦干自己的身体,穿好衣服,然后擦干阿阇梨身上的水,给下衣,给大衣,拿着浴室凳子先回去,准备座位,放好洗脚水、脚凳、脚擦。应当问阿阇梨要不要饮料。如果阿阇梨想要诵经,应当诵经。如果阿阇梨想要问法,应当回答。


‘‘Yasmiṃ vihāre ācariyo viharati, sace so vihāro uklāpo hoti, sace ussahati, sodhetabbo. Vihāraṃ sodhentena paṭhamaṃ pattacīvaraṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; nisīdanapaccattharaṇaṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; bhisibibbohanaṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; mañco nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṃ, nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbo; pīṭhaṃ nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṃ, nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; mañcapaṭipādakā nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbā; kheḷamallako nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbo; apassenaphalakaṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ; bhūmattharaṇaṃ yathāpaññattaṃ sallakkhetvā nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Sace vihāre santānakaṃ hoti, ullokā paṭhamaṃ ohāretabbaṃ, ālokasandhikaṇṇabhāgā pamajjitabbā. Sace gerukaparikammakatā bhitti kaṇṇakitā hoti, coḷakaṃ temetvā pīḷetvā pamajjitabbā. Sace kāḷavaṇṇakatā bhūmi kaṇṇakitā hoti, coḷakaṃ temetvā pīḷetvā pamajjitabbā. Sace akatā hoti bhūmi, udakena paripphositvā pariphositvā sammajjitabbā – mā vihāro rajena uhaññīti. Saṅkāraṃ vicinitvā ekamantaṃ chaḍḍetabbaṃ.

‘‘Bhūmattharaṇaṃ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṃ paññapetabbaṃ. Mañcapaṭipādakā otāpetvā pamajjitvā atiharitvā yathāṭhāne ṭhapetabbā. Mañco otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṃ, atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṃ paññapetabbo. Pīṭhaṃ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena, asaṅghaṭṭentena kavāṭapiṭṭhaṃ, atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṃ paññapetabbaṃ. Bhisibibbohanaṃ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṃ paññapetabbaṃ. Nisīdanapaccattharaṇaṃ otāpetvā sodhetvā papphoṭetvā atiharitvā yathāpaññattaṃ paññapetabbaṃ. Kheḷamallako otāpetvā pamajjitvā atiharitvā yathāṭhāne ṭhapetabbo. Apassenaphalakaṃ otāpetvā pamajjitvā atiharitvā yathāṭhāne ṭhapetabbaṃ. Pattacīvaraṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Pattaṃ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena pattaṃ gahetvā ekena hatthena heṭṭhāmañcaṃ vā heṭṭhāpīṭhaṃ vā parāmasitvā patto nikkhipitabbo. Na ca anantarahitāya bhūmiyā patto nikkhipitabbo. Cīvaraṃ nikkhipantena ekena hatthena cīvaraṃ gahetvā ekena hatthena cīvaravaṃsaṃ vā cīvararajjuṃ vā pamajjitvā pārato antaṃ orato bhogaṃ katvā cīvaraṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ.

‘‘Sace puratthimā sarajā vātā vāyanti, puratthimā vātapānā thaketabbā. Sace pacchimā sarajā vātā vāyanti, pacchimā vātapānā thaketabbā. Sace uttarā sarajā vātā vāyanti, uttarā vātapānā thaketabbā. Sace dakkhiṇā sarajā vātā vāyanti, dakkhiṇā vātapānā thaketabbā. Sace sītakālo hoti, divā vātapānā vivaritabbā, rattiṃ thaketabbā. Sace uṇhakālo hoti, divā vātapānā thaketabbā, rattiṃ vivaritabbā.

‘‘Sace pariveṇaṃ uklāpaṃ hoti, pariveṇaṃ sammajjitabbaṃ. Sace koṭṭhako uklāpo hoti, koṭṭhako sammajjitabbo. Sace upaṭṭhānasālā uklāpā hoti, upaṭṭhānasālā sammajjitabbā. Sace aggisālā uklāpā hoti, aggisālā sammajjitabbā. Sace vaccakuṭi uklāpā hoti, vaccakuṭi sammajjitabbā. Sace pānīyaṃ na hoti, pānīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpetabbaṃ. Sace paribhojanīyaṃ na hoti, paribhojanīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpetabbaṃ. Sace ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṃ na hoti, ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṃ āsiñcitabbaṃ.


"阿阇梨住的精舍,如果很脏,如果有能力,应当清洁。清洁精舍时,首先应当把钵和衣服拿出来放在一边;把坐具和卧具拿出来放在一边;把床垫和枕头拿出来放在一边;把床架放低,小心地不刮擦、不碰撞门框,拿出来放在一边;把椅子放低,小心地不刮擦、不碰撞门框,拿出来放在一边;把床脚拿出来放在一边;把痰盂拿出来放在一边;把靠背板拿出来放在一边;记住地毯的位置,拿出来放在一边。如果精舍里有蜘蛛网,应当先从天花板上清除,擦拭窗户周围和角落。如果涂了赭石的墙壁有污迹,应当用湿布拧干后擦拭。如果染黑的地面有污迹,应当用湿布拧干后擦拭。如果地面没有处理过,应当洒水后扫地 - 不要让精舍被尘土弄脏。把垃圾收集起来倒在一边。
应当把地毯拿到外面晒干、清洁、拍打,然后搬回原处铺好。应当把床脚拿到外面晒干、擦拭,然后搬回原处放好。应当把床架拿到外面晒干、清洁、拍打,然后放低,小心地不刮擦、不碰撞门框,搬回原处摆好。应当把椅子拿到外面晒干、清洁、拍打,然后放低,小心地不刮擦、不碰撞门框,搬回原处摆好。应当把床垫和枕头拿到外面晒干、清洁、拍打,然后搬回原处铺好。应当把坐具和卧具拿到外面晒干、清洁、拍打,然后搬回原处铺好。应当把痰盂拿到外面晒干、擦拭,然后搬回原处放好。应当把靠背板拿到外面晒干、擦拭,然后搬回原处放好。应当放好钵和衣服。放钵时,应当一只手拿着钵,另一只手摸摸床下或椅子下,然后放下钵。不应把钵放在没有遮蔽的地面上。放衣服时,应当一只手拿着衣服,另一只手擦拭衣杆或衣绳,然后把衣服对折,褶边朝外放好。
如果东风带尘吹来,应当关闭东面的窗户。如果西风带尘吹来,应当关闭西面的窗户。如果北风带尘吹来,应当关闭北面的窗户。如果南风带尘吹来,应当关闭南面的窗户。如果天气寒冷,白天应当打开窗户,晚上应当关闭。如果天气炎热,白天应当关闭窗户,晚上应当打开。
如果院子很脏,应当打扫院子。如果门廊很脏,应当打扫门廊。如果集会堂很脏,应当打扫集会堂。如果火房很脏,应当打扫火房。如果厕所很脏,应当打扫厕所。如果没有饮用水,应当准备饮用水。如果没有洗脚水,应当准备洗脚水。如果洗手水罐里没有水,应当往洗手水罐里倒水。


‘‘Sace ācariyassa anabhirati uppannā hoti, antevāsikena vūpakāsetabbā, vūpakāsāpetabbā, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. Sace ācariyassa kukkuccaṃ uppannaṃ hoti, antevāsikena vinodetabbaṃ, vinodāpetabbaṃ, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. Sace ācariyassa diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ hoti , antevāsikena vivecetabbaṃ, vivecāpetabbaṃ, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. Sace ācariyo garudhammaṃ ajjhāpanno hoti, parivāsāraho, antevāsikena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho ācariyassa parivāsaṃ dadeyyāti. Sace ācariyo mūlāyapaṭikassanāraho hoti, antevāsikena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho ācariyaṃ mūlāya paṭikasseyyāti. Sace ācariyo mānattāraho hoti, antevāsikena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho ācariyassa mānattaṃ dadeyyāti. Sace ācariyo abbhānāraho hoti, antevāsikena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho ācariyaṃ abbheyyāti. Sace saṅgho ācariyassa kammaṃ kattukāmo hoti, tajjanīyaṃ vā niyassaṃ vā pabbājanīyaṃ vā paṭisāraṇīyaṃ vā ukkhepanīyaṃ vā, antevāsikena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho ācariyassa kammaṃ na kareyya, lahukāya vā pariṇāmeyyāti. Kataṃ vā panassa hoti saṅghena kammaṃ, tajjanīyaṃ vā niyassaṃ vā pabbājanīyaṃ vā paṭisāraṇīyaṃ vā ukkhepanīyaṃ vā, antevāsikena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho ācariyo sammā vatteyya, lomaṃ pāteyya, netthāraṃ vatteyya, saṅgho taṃ kammaṃ paṭippassambheyyāti.

‘‘Sace ācariyassa cīvaraṃ dhovitabbaṃ hoti, antevāsikena dhovitabbaṃ, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho ācariyassa cīvaraṃ dhoviyethāti. Sace ācariyassa cīvaraṃ kātabbaṃ hoti, antevāsikena kātabbaṃ, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho ācariyassa cīvaraṃ kariyethāti. Sace ācariyassa rajanaṃ pacitabbaṃ hoti, antevāsikena pacitabbaṃ, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho ācariyassa rajanaṃ paciyethāti. Sace ācariyassa cīvaraṃ rajitabbaṃ hoti, antevāsikena rajitabbaṃ, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho ācariyassa cīvaraṃ rajiyethāti. Cīvaraṃ rajantena sādhukaṃ samparivattakaṃ samparivattakaṃ rajitabbaṃ, na ca acchinne theve pakkamitabbaṃ.

‘‘Na ācariyaṃ anāpucchā ekaccassa patto dātabbo, na ekaccassa patto paṭiggahetabbo; na ekaccassa cīvaraṃ dātabbaṃ, na ekaccassa cīvaraṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ; na ekaccassa parikkhāro dātabbo, na ekaccassa parikkhāro paṭiggahetabbo; na ekaccassa kesā cheditabbā, na ekaccena kesā chedāpetabbā; na ekaccassa parikammaṃ kātabbaṃ, na ekaccena parikammaṃ kārāpetabbaṃ; na ekaccassa veyyāvacco kātabbo, na ekaccena veyyāvacco kārāpetabbo; na ekaccassa pacchāsamaṇena hotabbaṃ, na ekacco pacchāsamaṇo ādātabbo; na ekaccassa piṇḍapāto nīharitabbo, na ekaccena piṇḍapāto nīharāpetabbo; na ācariyaṃ anāpucchā gāmo pavisitabbo; na susānaṃ gantabbaṃ; na disā pakkamitabbā. Sace ācariyo gilāno hoti, yāvajīvaṃ upaṭṭhātabbo , vuṭṭhānamassa āgametabbaṃ. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, antevāsikānaṃ ācariyesu vattaṃ yathā antevāsikehi ācariyesu sammā vattitabba’’nti.

14. Antevāsikavattakathā

381. Tena kho pana samayena ācariyā antevāsikesu na sammā vattanti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā…pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma ācariyā antevāsikesu na sammā vattissantī’’ti! Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṃ sannipātāpetvā bhikkhū paṭipucchi – ‘‘saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, ācariyā antevāsikesu na sammā vattantī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ bhagavā’’ti…pe… vigarahitvā…pe… dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi –



"如果阿阇梨产生不满,弟子应当使他远离,使他被远离,或者为他说法。如果阿阇梨产生疑虑,弟子应当消除,使他被消除,或者为他说法。如果阿阇梨产生邪见,弟子应当使他远离,使他被远离,或者为他说法。如果阿阇梨犯了重罪需要别住,弟子应当努力 - '僧团怎样才能给阿阇梨别住呢?'如果阿阇梨应当被罚回初学阶段,弟子应当努力 - '僧团怎样才能罚阿阇梨回初学阶段呢?'如果阿阇梨应当摩那埵,弟子应当努力 - '僧团怎样才能给阿阇梨摩那埵呢?'如果阿阇梨应当出罪,弟子应当努力 - '僧团怎样才能让阿阇梨出罪呢?'如果僧团想对阿阇梨作羯磨,或呵责羯磨,或依止羯磨,或驱出羯磨,或下意羯磨,或举罪羯磨,弟子应当努力 - '僧团怎样才能不对阿阇梨作羯磨,或者减轻羯磨呢?'如果僧团已经对他作了羯磨,或呵责羯磨,或依止羯磨,或驱出羯磨,或下意羯磨,或举罪羯磨,弟子应当努力 - '阿阇梨怎样才能正确行事,谦卑行事,改正行为,僧团怎样才能取消那个羯磨呢?'
如果阿阇梨的衣服需要洗,弟子应当洗,或者努力 - '怎样才能洗阿阇梨的衣服呢?'如果阿阇梨的衣服需要做,弟子应当做,或者努力 - '怎样才能做阿阇梨的衣服呢?'如果阿阇梨的染料需要煮,弟子应当煮,或者努力 - '怎样才能煮阿阇梨的染料呢?'如果阿阇梨的衣服需要染,弟子应当染,或者努力 - '怎样才能染阿阇梨的衣服呢?'染衣服时应当仔细地反复染,不应在染料还在滴时就离开。
不应未经阿阇梨允许就把钵给某人,不应接受某人的钵;不应把衣服给某人,不应接受某人的衣服;不应把用具给某人,不应接受某人的用具;不应为某人剪头发,不应让某人为自己剪头发;不应为某人服务,不应让某人为自己服务;不应为某人做侍者,不应让某人做自己的侍者;不应为某人拿饭食,不应让某人为自己拿饭食;不应未经阿阇梨允许就进村;不应去墓地;不应离开这个地方。如果阿阇梨生病,应当终生照顾,等他康复。比丘们,这就是弟子们应当如此恰当地对阿阇梨行事的行为规范。"
弟子行为规范的故事
那时,阿阇梨们对弟子们不恰当地行事。那些少欲知足的比丘们...抱怨、批评、指责说:"阿阇梨们怎么对弟子们不恰当地行事呢!"于是那些比丘们把这件事告诉了世尊。然后世尊因这缘由、因这事由召集比丘僧团,询问比丘们:"比丘们,据说阿阇梨们对弟子们不恰当地行事,是真的吗?""是的,世尊。"...(世尊)呵责后...作了如法的开示,然后对比丘们说:

382. ‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, ācariyānaṃ antevāsikesu vattaṃ paññapessāmi yathā ācariyehi antevāsikesu sammā vattitabbaṃ. [mahāva. 79] Ācariyena, bhikkhave, antevāsikamhi sammā vattitabbaṃ. Tatrāyaṃ sammāvattanā –

‘‘Ācariyena, bhikkhave, antevāsiko saṅgahetabbo anuggahetabbo uddesena paripucchāya ovādena anusāsaniyā. Sace ācariyassa patto hoti, antevāsikassa patto na hoti, ācariyena antevāsikassa patto dātabbo, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho antevāsikassa patto uppajjiyethāti. Sace ācariyassa cīvaraṃ hoti, antevāsikassa cīvaraṃ na hoti, ācariyena antevāsikassa cīvaraṃ dātabbaṃ, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho antevāsikassa cīvaraṃ uppajjiyethāti. Sace ācariyassa parikkhāro hoti, antevāsikassa parikkhāro na hoti, ācariyena antevāsikassa parikkhāro dātabbo, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho antevāsikassa parikkhāro uppajjiyethāti.

‘‘Sace antevāsiko gilāno hoti, kālasseva uṭṭhāya dantakaṭṭhaṃ dātabbaṃ, mukhodakaṃ dātabbaṃ, āsanaṃ paññapetabbaṃ. Sace yāgu hoti , bhājanaṃ dhovitvā yāgu upanāmetabbā. Yāguṃ pītassa udakaṃ datvā bhājanaṃ paṭiggahetvā nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena dhovitvā paṭisāmetabbaṃ . Antevāsikamhi vuṭṭhite āsanaṃ uddharitabbaṃ. Sace so deso uklāpo hoti, so deso sammajjitabbo.

‘‘Sace antevāsiko gāmaṃ pavisitukāmo hoti, nivāsanaṃ dātabbaṃ, paṭinivāsanaṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ, kāyabandhanaṃ dātabbaṃ, saguṇaṃ katvā saṅghāṭiyo dātabbā, dhovitvā patto sodako dātabbo.

‘‘Ettāvatā nivattissatīti āsanaṃ paññapetabbaṃ, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ upanikkhipitabbaṃ, paccuggantvā pattacīvaraṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ, paṭinivāsanaṃ dātabbaṃ, nivāsanaṃ paṭiggahetabbaṃ. Sace cīvaraṃ sinnaṃ hoti, muhuttaṃ uṇhe otāpetabbaṃ, na ca uṇhe cīvaraṃ nidahitabbaṃ. Cīvaraṃ saṅgharitabbaṃ. Cīvaraṃ saṅgharantena caturaṅgulaṃ kaṇṇaṃ ussāretvā cīvaraṃ saṅgharitabbaṃ – mā majjhe bhaṅgo ahosīti. Obhoge kāyabandhanaṃ kātabbaṃ.

‘‘Sace piṇḍapāto hoti, antevāsiko ca bhuñjitukāmo hoti, udakaṃ datvā piṇḍapāto upanāmetabbo. Antevāsiko pānīyena pucchitabbo. Bhuttāvissa udakaṃ datvā pattaṃ paṭiggahetvā nīcaṃ katvā sādhukaṃ appaṭighaṃsantena dhovitvā vodakaṃ katvā muhuttaṃ uṇhe otāpetabbo, na ca uṇhe patto nidahitabbo. Pattacīvaraṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Pattaṃ nikkhipantena…pe… cīvaraṃ nikkhipantena…pe… pārato antaṃ orato bhogaṃ katvā cīvaraṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ. Antevāsikamhi uṭṭhite āsanaṃ uddharitabbaṃ, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ paṭisāmetabbaṃ. Sace so deso uklāpo hoti, so deso sammajjitabbo.

‘‘Sace antevāsiko nahāyitukāmo hoti, nahānaṃ paṭiyādetabbaṃ. Sace sītena attho hoti, sītaṃ paṭiyādetabbaṃ. Sace uṇhena attho hoti, uṇhaṃ paṭiyādetabbaṃ.

‘‘Sace antevāsiko jantāgharaṃ pavisitukāmo hoti, cuṇṇaṃ sannetabbaṃ, mattikā temetabbā, jantāgharapīṭhaṃ ādāya [ādāya antevāsikassa piṭṭhito piṭṭhito (ka.)] gantvā jantāgharapīṭhaṃ datvā cīvaraṃ paṭiggahetvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ, cuṇṇaṃ dātabbaṃ, mattikā dātabbā. Sace ussahati jantāgharaṃ pavisitabbaṃ. Jantāgharaṃ pavisantena mattikāya mukhaṃ makkhetvā purato ca pacchato ca paṭicchādetvā jantāgharaṃ pavisitabbaṃ. Na there bhikkhū anupakhajja nisīditabbaṃ. Na navā bhikkhū āsanena paṭibāhitabbā . Jantāghare antevāsikassa parikammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Jantāgharā nikkhamantena jantāgharapīṭhaṃ ādāya purato ca pacchato ca paṭicchādetvā jantāgharā nikkhamitabbaṃ.

‘‘Udakepi antevāsikassa parikammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Nahātena paṭhamataraṃ uttaritvā attano gattaṃ vodakaṃ katvā nivāsetvā antevāsikassa gattato udakaṃ pamajjitabbaṃ, nivāsanaṃ dātabbaṃ, saṅghāṭi dātabbā, jantāgharapīṭhaṃ ādāya paṭhamataraṃ āgantvā āsanaṃ paññapetabbaṃ, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ upanikkhipitabbaṃ, antevāsiko pānīyena pucchitabbo.


"因此,比丘们,我将为阿阇梨们制定对的行为规范,阿阇梨们应当如此恰当地对行事。比丘们,阿阇梨应当对**恰当地行事。这是恰当的行事方式:
比丘们,阿阇梨应当通过教导、询问、劝告、指导来关爱、支持**。如果阿阇梨有钵而没有钵,阿阇梨应当把钵给,或者努力 - '怎样才能让得到钵呢?'如果阿阇梨有衣服而没有衣服,阿阇梨应当把衣服给**,或者努力 - '怎样才能让得到衣服呢?'如果阿阇梨有用具而没有用具,阿阇梨应当把用具给**,或者努力 - '怎样才能让**得到用具呢?'
如果**生病,应当一大早起床给牙签,给洗脸水,准备座位。如果有粥,应当洗好容器端上粥。**喝完粥后,给水,接过容器,放低,小心地不刮擦地洗干净后收好。**起身后应当收起座位。如果那个地方很脏,应当打扫那个地方。
如果**想进村,应当给下衣,接过换下的衣服,给腰带,把大衣叠好给他,洗好钵带水给他。
应当准备座位想着'他会在这时候回来',放好洗脚水、脚凳、脚擦。应当迎接,接过钵和衣服,给换洗的衣服,接过穿过的衣服。如果衣服潮湿,应当在阳光下晒一会儿,但不要把衣服放在阳光下。应当叠好衣服。叠衣服时应当把边角提高四指叠好衣服 - 不要在中间折叠。应当把腰带放在褶边里。
如果有饭食,想吃,应当给水,端上饭食。应当问要不要饮料。吃完后给水,接过钵,放低,小心地不刮擦地洗干净,擦干,在阳光下晒一会儿,但不要把钵放在阳光下。应当收好钵和衣服。放钵时...放衣服时...然后把衣服对折,褶边朝外放好。**起身后应当收起座位,收好洗脚水、脚凳、脚擦。如果那个地方很脏,应当打扫那个地方。
如果**想洗澡,应当准备洗澡用具。如果需要冷水,应当准备冷水。如果需要热水,应当准备热水。
如果想进入浴室,应当准备粉末,浸湿泥土,拿着浴室凳子跟着去,给他浴室凳子,接过衣服放在一边,给粉末,给泥土。如果有能力应当进入浴室。进入浴室时,应当用泥土涂抹脸,前后遮盖好身体然后进入浴室。不应挤在长老比丘们旁边坐下。不应用座位排挤新学比丘。应当在浴室里为**服务。离开浴室时,应当拿着浴室凳子,前后遮盖好身体然后离开浴室。
在水中也应当为服务。洗完澡后应当先上岸,擦干自己的身体,穿好衣服,然后擦干身上的水,给下衣,给大衣,拿着浴室凳子先回去,准备座位,放好洗脚水、脚凳、脚擦。应当问**要不要饮料。


‘‘Yasmiṃ vihāre antevāsiko viharati, sace so vihāro uklāpo hoti, sace ussahati, sodhetabbo. Vihāraṃ sodhentena paṭhamaṃ pattacīvaraṃ nīharitvā ekamantaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ…pe… ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṃ na hoti, ācamanakumbhiyā udakaṃ āsiñcitabbaṃ.

‘‘Sace antevāsikassa anabhirati uppannā hoti, ācariyena vūpakāsetabbo, vūpakāsāpetabbo, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. Sace antevāsikassa kukkuccaṃ uppannaṃ hoti, ācariyena vinodetabbaṃ, vinodāpetabbaṃ, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. Sace antevāsikassa diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ hoti, ācariyena vivecetabbaṃ, vivecāpetabbaṃ, dhammakathā vāssa kātabbā. Sace antevāsiko garudhammaṃ ajjhāpanno hoti, parivāsāraho, ācariyena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho antevāsikassa parivāsaṃ dadeyyāti. Sace antevāsiko mūlāyapaṭikassanāraho hoti, ācariyena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho antevāsikaṃ mūlāya paṭikasseyyāti. Sace antevāsiko mānattāraho hoti, ācariyena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho antevāsikassa mānattaṃ dadeyyāti. Sace antevāsiko abbhānāraho hoti, ācariyena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho antevāsikaṃ abbheyyāti. Sace saṅgho antevāsikassa kammaṃ kattukāmo hoti, tajjanīyaṃ vā niyassaṃ vā pabbājanīyaṃ vā paṭisāraṇīyaṃ vā ukkhepanīyaṃ vā, ācariyena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho saṅgho antevāsikassa kammaṃ na kareyya , lahukāya vā pariṇāmeyyāti. Kataṃ vā panassa hoti, saṅghena kammaṃ, tajjanīyaṃ vā niyassaṃ vā pabbājanīyaṃ vā paṭisāraṇīyaṃ vā ukkhepanīyaṃ vā, ācariyena ussukkaṃ kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho antevāsiko sammā vatteyya, lomaṃ pāteyya, netthāraṃ vatteyya, saṅgho taṃ kammaṃ paṭippassambheyyāti.

‘‘Sace antevāsikassa cīvaraṃ dhovitabbaṃ hoti, ācariyena ācikkhitabbaṃ – evaṃ dhoveyyāsīti, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho antevāsikassa cīvaraṃ dhoviyethāti. Sace antevāsikassa cīvaraṃ kātabbaṃ hoti, ācariyena ācikkhitabbaṃ – evaṃ kareyyāsīti, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho antevāsikassa cīvaraṃ kariyethāti. Sace antevāsikassa rajanaṃ pacitabbaṃ hoti, ācariyena ācikkhitabbaṃ – evaṃ paceyyāsīti, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho antevāsikassa rajanaṃ paciyethāti. Sace antevāsikassa cīvaraṃ rajitabbaṃ hoti, ācariyena ācikkhitabbaṃ – evaṃ rajeyyāsīti, ussukkaṃ vā kātabbaṃ – kinti nu kho antevāsikassa cīvaraṃ rajiyethāti. Cīvaraṃ rajantena sādhukaṃ samparivattakaṃ samparivattakaṃ rajitabbaṃ. Na ca acchinne theve pakkamitabbaṃ. Sace antevāsiko gilāno hoti, yāvajīvaṃ upaṭṭhātabbo, vuṭṭhānamassa āgametabbaṃ. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, ācariyānaṃ antevāsikesu vattaṃ yathā ācariyehi antevāsikesu sammā vattitabba’’nti.

Vattakkhandhako aṭṭhamo.

Imamhi khandhake vatthū ekūnavīsati, vattā cuddasa.

Tassuddānaṃ –

Saupāhanā chattā ca, oguṇṭhi sīsaṃ pānīyaṃ;

Nābhivāde na pucchanti, ahi ujjhanti pesalā.

Omuñci chattaṃ khandhe ca, atarañca paṭikkamaṃ;

Pattacīvaraṃ nikkhipā, patirūpañca pucchitā.

Āsiñceyya dhovitena, sukkhenallenupāhanā;

Vuḍḍho navako puccheyya, ajjhāvuṭṭhañca gocarā.

Sekkhā vaccā pānī pari, kattaraṃ katikaṃ tato;

Kālaṃ muhuttaṃ uklāpo, bhūmattharaṇaṃ nīhare.

Paṭipādo bhisibibbo, mañcapīṭhañca mallakaṃ;

Apassenullokakaṇṇā, gerukā kāḷa akatā.

Saṅkārañca bhūmattharaṇaṃ, paṭipādakaṃ mañcapīṭhaṃ;

Bhisi nisīdanampi, mallakaṃ apassena ca.

Pattacīvaraṃ bhūmi ca, pārantaṃ orato bhogaṃ;

Puratthimā pacchimā ca, uttarā atha dakkhiṇā.

Sītuṇhe ca divārattiṃ, pariveṇañca koṭṭhako;

Upaṭṭhānaggi sālā ca, vattaṃ vaccakuṭīsu ca.

Pānī paribhojaniyā, kumbhi ācamanesu ca;

Anopamena paññattaṃ, vattaṃ āgantukehime [ve (ka. evamuparipi)].

Nevāsanaṃ na udakaṃ, na paccu na ca pāniyaṃ;

Nābhivāde napaññape, ujjhāyanti ca pesalā.

Vuḍḍhāsanañca udakaṃ, paccuggantvā ca pāniyaṃ;

Upāhane ekamantaṃ, abhivāde ca paññape.

Vutthaṃ gocarasekkho ca, ṭhānaṃ pāniyabhojanaṃ;

Kattaraṃ katikaṃ kālaṃ, navakassa nisinnake.


"**住的精舍,如果很脏,如果有能力,应当清洁。清洁精舍时,首先应当把钵和衣服拿出来放在一边...如果洗手水罐里没有水,应当往洗手水罐里倒水。
如果产生不满,阿阇梨应当使他远离,使他被远离,或者为他说法。如果产生疑虑,阿阇梨应当消除,使他被消除,或者为他说法。如果产生邪见,阿阇梨应当使他远离,使他被远离,或者为他说法。如果犯了重罪需要别住,阿阇梨应当努力 - '僧团怎样才能给别住呢?'如果应当被罚回初学阶段,阿阇梨应当努力 - '僧团怎样才能罚回初学阶段呢?'如果应当摩那埵,阿阇梨应当努力 - '僧团怎样才能给摩那埵呢?'如果应当出罪,阿阇梨应当努力 - '僧团怎样才能让出罪呢?'如果僧团想对作羯磨,或呵责羯磨,或依止羯磨,或驱出羯磨,或下意羯磨,或举罪羯磨,阿阇梨应当努力 - '僧团怎样才能不对**作羯磨,或者减轻羯磨呢?'如果僧团已经对他作了羯磨,或呵责羯磨,或依止羯磨,或驱出羯磨,或下意羯磨,或举罪羯磨,阿阇梨应当努力 - '**怎样才能正确行事,谦卑行事,改正行为,僧团怎样才能取消那个羯磨呢?'
如果的衣服需要洗,阿阇梨应当指导:'你应该这样洗',或者努力 - '怎样才能洗的衣服呢?'如果的衣服需要做,阿阇梨应当指导:'你应该这样做',或者努力 - '怎样才能做的衣服呢?'如果的染料需要煮,阿阇梨应当指导:'你应该这样煮',或者努力 - '怎样才能煮的染料呢?'如果的衣服需要染,阿阇梨应当指导:'你应该这样染',或者努力 - '怎样才能染的衣服呢?'染衣服时应当仔细地反复染。不应在染料还在滴时就离开。如果生病,应当终生照顾,等他康复。比丘们,这就是阿阇梨们应当如此恰当地对行事的行为规范。"
行为规范品第八。
在这一品中有十九个事项,十四种行为规范。
其摘要如下:
穿鞋、打伞、包头、喝水;
不礼敬、不问候、蛇、善人抱怨。
脱鞋、伞、肩、不过、退后;
放钵衣、适当、问候。
倒水、洗、干湿鞋;
长幼问候、住处、行处。
学处、厕所、饮用水、剃刀、约定、时间;
片刻、脏、地毯拿出。
床脚、床垫、床椅、痰盂;
靠背、天花板、角落、赭石、黑色、未处理。
垃圾、地毯、床脚、床椅;
床垫、坐具、痰盂、靠背。
钵衣、地面、远端、近端折叠;
东方、西方、北方、南方。
冷热、昼夜、院子、门廊;
集会堂、火房、厕所的行为规范。
饮用水、洗脚水、水罐、洗手水;
无与伦比的规定、客人的行为规范。
不座位、不水、不迎接、不饮料;
不礼敬、不准备、善人抱怨。
长老座位、水、迎接、饮料;
鞋子一边、礼敬、准备。
住处、行处、学处、地点、饮料、食物;
剃刀、约定、时间、新学比丘坐下。


Abhivādaye ācikkhe, yathā heṭṭhā tathā naye;

Niddiṭṭhaṃ satthavāhena vattaṃ āvāsikehime.

Gamikā dārumatti ca, vivaritvā na pucchiya;

Nassanti ca aguttañca, ujjhāyanti ca pesalā.

Paṭisāmetvā thaketvā, āpucchitvāva pakkame;

Bhikkhu vā sāmaṇero vā, ārāmiko upāsako.

Pāsāṇakesu ca puñjaṃ, paṭisāme thakeyya ca;

Sace ussahati ussukkaṃ, anovasse tatheva ca.

Sabbo ovassati gāmaṃ, ajjhokāse tatheva ca;

Appevaṅgāni seseyyuṃ, vattaṃ gamikabhikkhunā.

Nānumodanti therena, ohāya catupañcahi;

Vaccito mucchito āsi, vattānumodanesume.

Chabbaggiyā dunnivatthā, athopi ca duppārutā;

Anākappā ca vokkamma, there anupakhajjane.

Nave bhikkhū ca saṅghāṭi, ujjhāyanti ca pesalā;

Timaṇḍalaṃ nivāsetvā, kāyasaguṇagaṇṭhikā.

Na vokkamma paṭicchannaṃ, susaṃvutokkhittacakkhu;

Ukkhittojjagghikāsaddo, tayo ceva pacālanā.

Khambhoguṇṭhiukkuṭikā, paṭicchannaṃ susaṃvuto;

Okkhittukkhittaujjagghi, appasaddo tayo calā.

Khambhoguṇṭhipallatthi ca, anupakhajja nāsane;

Ottharitvāna udake, nīcaṃ katvāna siñciyā.

Paṭi sāmantā saṅghāṭi, odane ca paṭiggahe;

Sūpaṃ uttaribhaṅgena, sabbesaṃ samatitthi ca.

Sakkaccaṃ pattasaññī ca, sapadānañca sūpakaṃ;

Na thūpato paṭicchāde, viññattujjhānasaññinā.

Mahantamaṇḍaladvāraṃ, sabbahattho na byāhare;

Ukkhepo chedanāgaṇḍa, dhunaṃ sitthāvakārakaṃ.

Jivhānicchārakañceva, capucapu surusuru;

Hatthapattoṭṭhanillehaṃ, sāmisena paṭiggahe.

Yāva na sabbe udake, nīcaṃ katvāna siñciyaṃ;

Paṭi sāmantā saṅghāṭi, nīcaṃ katvā chamāya ca.

Sasitthakaṃ nivattante, suppaṭicchannamukkuṭi;

Dhammarājena paññattaṃ, idaṃ bhattaggavattanaṃ.

Dunnivatthā anākappā, asallekkhetvā ca sahasā;

Dūre acca ciraṃ lahuṃ, tatheva piṇḍacāriko.

Paṭicchannova gaccheyya, suṃsavutokkhittacakkhu;

Ukkhittojjagghikāsaddo, tayo ceva pacālanā.

Khambhoguṇṭhiukkuṭikā, sallakkhetvā ca sahasā;

Dūre acca ciraṃ lahuṃ, āsanakaṃ kaṭacchukā.

Bhājanaṃ vā ṭhapeti ca, uccāretvā paṇāmetvā;

Paṭiggahe na ulloke, sūpesupi tatheva taṃ.

Bhikkhu saṅghāṭiyā chāde, paṭicchanneva gacchiyaṃ;

Saṃvutokkhittacakkhu ca, ukkhittojjagghikāya ca;

Appasaddo tayo cālā, khambhoguṇṭhikaukkuṭi.

Paṭhamāsanavakkāra , pāniyaṃ paribhojanī;

Pacchākaṅkhati bhuñjeyya, opilāpeyya uddhare.

Paṭisāmeyya sammajje, rittaṃ tucchaṃ upaṭṭhape;

Hatthavikāre bhindeyya, vattidaṃ piṇḍacārike.

Pānī pari aggiraṇi, nakkhattadisacorā ca;

Sabbaṃ natthīti koṭṭetvā, pattaṃse cīvaraṃ tato.

Idāni aṃse laggetvā, timaṇḍalaṃ parimaṇḍalaṃ;

Yathā piṇḍacārivattaṃ, naye āraññakesupi.

Pattaṃse cīvaraṃ sīse, ārohitvā ca pāniyaṃ;

Paribhojaniyaṃ aggi, araṇī cāpi kattaraṃ.

Nakkhattaṃ sappadesaṃ vā, disāpi kusalo bhave;

Sattuttamena paññattaṃ, vattaṃ āraññakesume.

Ajjhokāse okiriṃsu, ujjhāyanti ca pesalā;

Sace vihāro uklāpo, paṭhamaṃ pattacīvaraṃ.

Bhisibibbohanaṃ mañcaṃ, pīṭhañca kheḷamallakaṃ;

Apassenullokakaṇṇā, gerukā kāḷa akatā.

Saṅkāraṃ bhikkhusāmantā, senāvihārapāniyaṃ;

Paribhojanasāmantā, paṭivāte ca aṅgaṇe.

Adhovāte attharaṇaṃ, paṭipādakamañco ca;

Pīṭhaṃ bhisi nisīdanaṃ, mallakaṃ apassena ca.

Pattacīvaraṃ bhūmi ca, pārantaṃ orato bhogaṃ;

Puratthimā ca pacchimā, uttarā atha dakkhiṇā.

Sītuṇhe ca divā rattiṃ, pariveṇañca koṭṭhako;

Upaṭṭhānaggisālā ca, vaccakuṭī ca pāniyaṃ.

Ācamanakumbhi vuḍḍhe ca, uddesapucchanā sajjhā;

Dhammo padīpaṃ vijjhāpe, na vivare napi thake.

Yena vuḍḍho parivatti, kaṇṇenapi na ghaṭṭaye;

Paññapesi mahāvīro, vattaṃ senāsanesu taṃ.

Nivāriyamānā dvāraṃ, mucchitujjhanti pesalā;

Chārikaṃ chaḍḍaye jantā, paribhaṇḍaṃ tatheva ca.

Pariveṇaṃ koṭṭhako sālā, cuṇṇamattikadoṇikā;

Mukhaṃ purato na there, na nave ussahati sace.

Purato uparimaggo, cikkhallaṃ matti pīṭhakaṃ;

Vijjhāpetvā thaketvā ca, vattaṃ jantāgharesume.

Nācameti yathāvuḍḍhaṃ, paṭipāṭi ca sahasā;

Ubbhaji nitthuno kaṭṭhaṃ, vaccaṃ passāva kheḷakaṃ.


礼敬、指导,如前所述;
导师所指示的,住寺者的行为规范。
行者木板未打开就问,
丢失不守护,善人抱怨。
收好关闭后才离开,
比丘或沙弥、园丁或居士。
石块堆放好关闭,
如果有能力努力不漏雨。
全部漏雨村庄露天,
或许留下一些,这是行者比丘的行为规范。
不随喜长老,四五人离开,
排便昏倒,这些是随喜的行为规范。
六群比丘衣着不整齐,
不庄重超越长老坐下。
新比丘大衣,善人抱怨,
遮三轮穿衣,身体叠好系扣。
不超越遮盖,善护眼下视,
举高大笑声音,三种动作。
肘包头蹲踞,遮盖善护,
眼下视举高大笑,小声三动。
肘包头盘腿,不挤坐位,
覆盖水中,放低浇水。
对面周围大衣,饭菜接受,
汤和配菜,所有人平等。
恭敬注意钵,次第汤菜,
不从顶部遮盖,知道乞求抱怨。
大圆门,不全手说话,
举高切割肿块,抖动饭粒残渣。
伸舌出声,咀嚼声吸吮声,
手钵嘴舔,用有食物的手接受。
直到所有人不在水中,放低浇水,
对面周围大衣,放低地上。
带饭粒回来,善遮蹲踞,
法王所制定的,这是食堂的行为规范。
衣着不整不庄重,不观察匆忙,
远近时间快慢,同样乞食者。
遮盖而行,善护眼下视,
举高大笑声音,三种动作。
肘包头蹲踞,观察不匆忙,
远近时间快慢,座位勺子。
放置容器,举高推开,
接受不仰视,汤也一样。
比丘用大衣遮盖,遮盖而行,
善护眼下视,举高大笑,
小声三动作,肘包头蹲踞。
首座扫除,饮用水洗脚水,
后来想吃,应沉没取出。
收好打扫,空无放置,
手势打破,这是乞食者的行为规范。
饮用水洗脚水火钻,星宿方向盗贼,
全部没有敲打,钵肩衣服。
现在挂在肩上,遮三轮整齐,
如乞食行为规范,森林住者也一样。
钵肩衣服头上,爬上饮用水,
洗脚水火钻剃刀,
星宿和地方,方向也应熟悉,
最上七者所制定的,这是森林住者的行为规范。
露天倒掉,善人抱怨,
如果精舍很脏,首先钵和衣服。
床垫床椅痰盂,
靠背天花板角落,赭石黑色未处理。
垃圾比丘周围,住处饮用水,
洗脚水周围,顺风院子。
逆风铺设,床脚床椅,
床垫坐具,痰盂靠背。
钵衣地面,远端近端折叠,
东方西方,北方南方。
冷热昼夜,院子门廊,
集会堂火房,厕所饮用水。
洗手水罐长老,诵经问法学习,
法灯熄灭,不开不关。
长老转身,不碰到角落,
大雄所制定的,这是住处的行为规范。
被阻止门,昏倒善人抱怨,
灰烬应倒掉浴室,周围也一样。
院子门廊堂,粉末泥土盆,
脸前面不长老,不新学如果有能力。
前面上面道路,泥泞泥土凳子,
熄灭关闭,这是浴室的行为规范。
不按长幼顺序洗,匆忙,
举高吐出木头,大便小便痰。


Pharusā kūpa sahasā, ubbhaji capu sesena;

Bahi anto ca ukkāse, rajju ataramānañca.

Sahasā ubbhaji ṭhite, nitthune kaṭṭha vaccañca;

Passāva kheḷa pharusā, kūpañca vaccapāduke.

Nātisahasā ubbhaji, pādukāya capucapu;

Na sesaye paṭicchāde, uhatapidharena ca.

Vaccakuṭī paribhaṇḍaṃ, pariveṇañca koṭṭhako;

Ācamane ca udakaṃ, vattaṃ vaccakuṭīsume.

Upāhanā dantakaṭṭhaṃ, mukhodakañca āsanaṃ;

Yāgu udakaṃ dhovitvā, uddhāruklāpa gāma ca.

Nivāsanā kāyabandhā, saguṇaṃ pattasodakaṃ;

Pacchā timaṇḍalo ceva, parimaṇḍala bandhanaṃ.

Saguṇaṃ dhovitvā pacchā, nātidūre paṭiggahe;

Bhaṇamānassa āpatti, paṭhamāgantvāna āsanaṃ.

Udakaṃ pīṭhakathali, paccuggantvā nivāsanaṃ;

Otāpe nidahi bhaṅgo, obhoge bhuñjitu name.

Pānīyaṃ udakaṃ nīcaṃ, muhuttaṃ na ca nidahe;

Pattacīvaraṃ bhūmi ca, pārantaṃ orato bhogaṃ.

Uddhare paṭisāme ca, uklāpo ca nahāyituṃ;

Sītaṃ uṇhaṃ jantāgharaṃ, cuṇṇaṃ mattika piṭṭhito.

Pīṭhañca cīvaraṃ cuṇṇaṃ, mattikussahati mukhaṃ;

Purato there nave ca, parikammañca nikkhame.

Purato udake nhāte, nivāsetvā upajjhāyaṃ;

Nivāsanañca saṅghāṭi, pīṭhakaṃ āsanena ca.

Pādo pīṭhaṃ kathaliñca, pānīyuddesapucchanā;

Uklāpaṃ susodheyya, paṭhamaṃ pattacīvaraṃ.

Nisīdanapaccattharaṇaṃ, bhisi bibbohanāni ca;

Mañco pīṭhaṃ paṭipādaṃ, mallakaṃ apassena ca.

Bhūma santāna āloka, gerukā kāḷa akatā;

Bhūmattharapaṭipādā, mañco pīṭhaṃ bibbohanaṃ.

Nisīdattharaṇaṃ kheḷa, apasse pattacīvaraṃ;

Puratthimā pacchimā ca, uttarā atha dakkhiṇā.

Sītuṇhañca divā rattiṃ, pariveṇañca koṭṭhako;

Upaṭṭhānaggisālā ca, vaccapāniyabhojanī.

Ācamaṃ anabhirati, kukkuccaṃ diṭṭhi ca garu;

Mūlamānattaabbhānaṃ, tajjanīyaṃ niyassakaṃ.

Pabbāja paṭisāraṇī, ukkhepañca kataṃ yadi;

Dhove kātabbaṃ rajañca, raje samparivattakaṃ.

Pattañca cīvarañcāpi, parikkhārañca chedanaṃ;

Parikammaṃ veyyāvaccaṃ, pacchā piṇḍaṃ pavisanaṃ.

Na susānaṃ disā ceva, yāvajīvaṃ upaṭṭhahe;

Saddhivihārikenetaṃ, vattupajjhāyakesume.

Ovādasāsanuddesā, pucchā pattañca cīvaraṃ;

Parikkhāro gilāno ca, na pacchāsamaṇo bhave.

Upajjhāyesu ye vattā, evaṃ ācariyesupi;

Saddhivihārike vattā, tatheva antevāsike.

Āgantukesu ye vattā, puna āvāsikesu ca;

Gamikānumodanikā, bhattagge piṇḍacārike.

Āraññakesu yaṃ vattaṃ, yañca senāsanesupi;

Jantāghare vaccakuṭī, upajjhā saddhivihārike.

Ācariyesu yaṃ vattaṃ, tatheva antevāsike;

Ekūnavīsati vatthū, vattā cuddasa khandhake.

Vattaṃ aparipūrento, na sīlaṃ paripūrati;

Asuddhasīlo duppañño, cittekaggaṃ na vindati.

Vikkhittacittonekaggo, sammā dhammaṃ na passati;

Apassamāno saddhammaṃ, dukkhā na parimuccati.

Yaṃ vattaṃ paripūrento, sīlampi paripūrati;

Visuddhasīlo sappañño, cittekaggampi vindati.

Avikkhittacitto ekaggo, sammā dhammaṃ vipassati;

Sampassamāno saddhammaṃ, dukkhā so parimuccati.

Tasmā hi vattaṃ pūreyya, jinaputto vicakkhaṇo;

Ovādaṃ buddhaseṭṭhassa, tato nibbānamehitīti.


粗鲁井匆忙,举高咀嚼剩余;
外内咳嗽,绳子不急。
匆忙举高站立,吐出木头大便,
小便痰粗鲁,井和厕所脚垫。
不太匆忙举高,脚垫咀嚼,
不剩余遮盖,打开关闭。
厕所周围,院子门廊,
洗手水,这是厕所的行为规范。
鞋子牙签,洗脸水座位,
粥水洗,收起脏村庄。
下衣腰带,叠好钵带水,
后遮三轮,整齐系好。
叠好洗后,不太远接受,
说话时犯戒,先来座位。
水脚凳脚擦,迎接下衣,
晒放折叠,褶边想吃。
饮用水放低,片刻不放置,
钵衣地面,远端近端折叠。
收起收好,脏洗澡,
冷热浴室,粉末泥土后面。
凳子衣服粉末,泥土有能力脸,
前面长老新学,服务离开。
前面水中洗,穿衣戒师,
下衣大衣,凳子座位。
脚凳脚擦,饮用水诵经问法,
脏应清洁,首先钵衣。
坐具卧具,床垫枕头,
床椅床脚,痰盂靠背。
地面蜘蛛网窗户,赭石黑色未处理,
地毯床脚,床椅枕头。
坐具卧具痰,靠背钵衣,
东方西方,北方南方。
冷热昼夜,院子门廊,
集会堂火房,厕所饮用水洗脚水。
洗手不满,疑虑见解重,
初学摩那埵出罪,呵责依止。
驱出下意,举罪如果做,
洗做染,染反复。
钵和衣服,用具剪,
服务帮助,后乞食进入。
不墓地方向,终生照顾,
这是共住者对戒师的行为规范。
教诫指导诵经,问法钵衣,
用具病人,不作随从沙门。
对戒师的行为规范,对阿阇梨也一样,
对共住者的行为规范,对**也一样。
对客人的行为规范,对住寺者,
行者随喜者,食堂乞食者。
森林住者的行为规范,住处,
浴室厕所,戒师共住者。
对阿阇梨的行为规范,对**也一样,
十九个事项,十四种行为规范。
不圆满行为规范,不圆满戒,
戒不清净愚痴,不得心一境性。
心散乱不专注,不正见法,
不见正法,不解脱苦。
圆满行为规范,也圆满戒,
戒清净有智慧,也得心一境性。
心不散乱专注,正观法,
正见正法,他解脱苦。
因此应圆满行为规范,佛子明智,
遵循最上佛陀的教诫,由此达到涅槃。


Vattakkhandhakaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

行为规范品已结束。


